Urine specific gravity

The relative density of urine is related to the amount of urine. Under normal circumstances, the more urine, the lower the relative density of urine (except severe diabetes). Urine specific gravity measurement is used to estimate the concentrating function of the kidney, but the accuracy is poor and there are many factors affected. The measured values ​​are for reference only. The specific gravity of the urine is determined by the molecular weight, molar concentration and molar volume of the dissolved solute in the urine. Basic Information Specialist classification: urinary examination classification: urine / kidney function test Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Analysis results: Below normal: The proportion of urine in patients with chronic nephritis and renal insufficiency is mostly low, and is mostly fixed between 1.010 and 1.012. Patients with diabetes insipidus have lower urine specific gravity, generally less than 1.006. Normal value: Adult: 1.015-1.020 Newborn: 1.002-1.004 Above normal: In patients with acute nephritis, diabetes, hyperthermia, shock or dehydration, the relative density of urine increases. negative: Positive: Tips: Pay attention to the effect of room temperature: for every 3 °C increase in temperature, the specific gravity of urine should be increased by 0.001, and for every 3 °C decrease in temperature, the specific gravity of urine should be reduced by 0.001. Normal value Adult: 1.015~1.025, morning urine is greater than 1.020 Newborn: 1.002~1.004. Clinical significance Decrease: The proportion of urine in patients with chronic nephritis and renal insufficiency is low, and it is mostly fixed between 1.010 and 1.012. Patients with diabetes insipidus have lower urine specific gravity, generally less than 1.006. Elevation: Patients with acute nephritis, diabetes, hyperthermia, shock or dehydration have elevated urine relative density. Low results may be diseases: dehydration in the elderly, renal insipidus in children, acute intermittent porphyria, high disease possible disease: precautions for diabetes insipidus in children 1. Pay attention to the influence of room temperature: for every 3 °C increase in temperature, the specific gravity of urine should be increased by 0.001. For every 3 °C decrease in temperature, the specific gravity of urine should be reduced by 0.001. 2. When the urine protein content is high, for every 1% increase, the urine specific gravity should be reduced by 0.003. 3. When the salt crystals are precipitated in the urine, the specific gravity may decrease, and the specific gravity should be measured after the salt is dissolved. 4, check the urine as soon as possible after the urine, so as not to decompose the urea and reduce the proportion. Inspection process After thoroughly mixing the urine, slowly pour it into the small cylinder along the wall of the tube. If there is foam, use a dropper or filter paper to remove it. Then put in the hydrometer, do not let the hydrometer touch the wall or bottom of the glass cylinder. After the hydrometer is stable, read the scale tangent to the concave surface of the urine and report it. Not suitable for the crowd Generally no taboos. Adverse reactions and risks In the case of non-aqueous metabolic disorders, high specific gravity can be found in dehydration, proteinuria, diabetes, acute nephritis, high fever, and the like. Isotonic urine occurs in chronic renal insufficiency, and the specific gravity is often fixed at 1.020 ± 0.003. In recent years, the specific gravity of urine has been replaced by the amount of urine permeation. Urinary specific gravity <1.010 is hypotonic urine, seen in impaired renal concentrating function, such as chronic glomerulonephritis, acute nephritis, polyuria, uremia and polyuria. Specific gravity can be used as a reference for the identification of diabetes and diabetes insipidus. The former has a large amount of urine and a high proportion. The latter has a large amount of urine and a low specific gravity.