Hydatid complement fixation assay

The pathogen is a echinococcosis. The larvae, the echinococcosis, can be parasitic on the lungs, liver, and abdomen of humans and other cloven-hoofed animals (such as sheep, cattle, pigs, etc.), causing hydatid disease. Commonly used in the Casonintradermal test for diagnosis, subcutaneous test, indirect hemagglutination inhibition test, complement binding test, ELISA and other methods can also be used. Basic Information Specialist classification: Infectious disease inspection and classification: pathogenic microorganism inspection Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: no Above normal: negative: Negative means not infected with Echinococcus. Positive: Positive indicates echinococcosis. Tips: Patients with physical discomfort are not suitable for this test. Normal value Positive echinococcosis (usually negative in early and late stages. Recurrence is still positive in 1 year after surgery, and cured if negative). Clinical significance Abnormal result (1) Epidemiological data Most of the patients seen in the animal husbandry area have close contact with dogs and sheep. (B) clinical signs of the above patients if there is a painful abdomen painless mass (tough, smooth, cystic) or cough, hemoptysis and other symptoms should be suspected and further X-ray, ultrasound, CT and radionuclide Check and establish a diagnosis. (3) Laboratory tests for the sensitivity and specificity of the intradermal test. Immunoelectrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay have high sensitivity and specificity, but the specificity and sensitivity of various immunodiagnosis are excluded. In addition to its own characteristics, it is affected by all antigens, methods of operation, positive reaction standard intradermal test on serum response, as well as the location of the patient's hydatid cyst, the duration of infection and postoperative time and individual immune response. People who need to check: Human infection is mainly related to environmental sanitation and poor health habits. The number of patients is mostly peasants and herders, and the brothers are far more than the Han people. Due to the slow growth of the hydatid cyst, it is usually infected in childhood, and obvious symptoms appear in the young adult. There was no significant difference in the incidence of men and women. Positive results may be diseases: echinococcosis, hepatic hydatid cyst, hepatic echinococcosis, pulmonary hydatidosis matters needing attention Not suitable for people: patients with physical discomfort. Pre-inspection requirements: body temperature test. Inspection requirements: Tell your doctor about your medical history and signs. Because early clinical manifestations are not obvious, they are often difficult to detect. The disease is related to the place of residence and whether there is contact with the dog. Inspection process (1) Blood image Eosinophilia is seen in half of the cases. Generally no more than 10% can reach 70%. After the hydatid cyst is ruptured or after surgery, there is a significant increase in blood eosinophils. (2) Intradermal test The inside of the forearm was injected with 0.1 ml of cystic fluid antigen, and the reaction was observed after 15 to 20 minutes. A positive red papule appears locally, and there may be a pseudopod (instant response). After 2 to 2 1/2 hours, it will fade. About 12 to 24 hours followed by redness and induration (delayed reaction). When there is a sufficient amount of antibody in the patient's blood. Delayed reactions often do not occur in simple cases, and both immediate and delayed responses are positive. The response is still positive immediately after puncture, surgery or infection. However, the delayed response was inhibited, and the positive rate of intradermal test was between 80% and 90%. However, false positives may occur, and other parasites, especially tsutsugamushi, have higher non-specific reactions. Cross-reactivity can also be seen in malignant tumors and abdominal tuberculosis. (three) serum test Serum immunological tests are used to detect serum antibodies in patients. There are many test methods, but indirect hemagglutination test and enzyme-linked adsorption are most commonly used. The positive rate is about 90%, and there may be false negative or false positive reactions. The positive rate of serum immunological test for pulmonary cystic echinococcosis is lower than that of hepatic cystic echinococcosis. The positive rate of complement fixation test was 80%. About 5% showed a false positive reaction (the disease has cross-immunization between trematode and cysticercosis). Others have latex agglutination and immunofluorescence tests. Can be selected according to the specific circumstances. (four) image diagnosis Including X-ray examination, ultrasound, CT and radionuclide scanning examination. Although the above tests are important means for diagnosing echinococcosis. However, when judging the results, they should be combined with each other and comprehensively analyzed to help diagnose. Such as chest X-ray to help locate the echinococcosis. Hepatic echinococcosis shows circular or elliptical low-density shadows of varying sizes on the liver CT. Calcification may occur in the cyst or in the wall of the capsule, and the edge portion of the low-density shadow shows a round-shaped cystic sac of varying sizes. There are multiple ascus in the sac, and B-mode ultrasound is helpful for the spread of echinococcosis in the epidemic population. The location of the hydatid cyst before surgery and the dynamic observation after surgery. Not suitable for the crowd Not suitable for people: patients with physical discomfort. Adverse reactions and risks 1, subcutaneous hemorrhage: due to pressing time less than 5 minutes or blood draw technology is not enough, etc. can cause subcutaneous bleeding. 2. Risk of infection: If you use an unclean needle, you may be at risk of infection.