cerebrospinal fluid cyclomonosine

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate is produced by intracellular guanosine triphosphate (GTP) catalyzed by guanylate cyclase. It is believed that cyclic guanosine monophosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate are mutually antagonistic substances. Under normal physiological conditions, the ratio of cyclic adenosine monophosphate to cyclic guanosine monophosphate in tissue or plasma remains relatively constant, and is often determined simultaneously in the analysis. The concentration of these two substances, the imbalance between the two is an objective indicator of the pathogenesis of certain diseases. Basic Information Specialist classification: examination classification: cerebrospinal fluid examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Found in hypothyroidism. Normal value: Cerebrospinal fluid cyclophosphate guanosine: 1.7-3.1 nmol/L Above normal: Found in acute myocardial infarction, hyperthyroidism, chronic glomerulonephritis (chronic nephritis). negative: Positive: Tips: Maintain reasonable eating habits and adjust your working schedule. Normal value 1.7 to 3.1 nmol/L. Clinical significance Abnormal result (1) elevated in acute myocardial infarction, hyperthyroidism, chronic glomerulonephritis (chronic nephritis). (2) Reduced in hypothyroidism. People who need to be tested People who eat more, lose weight, fear heat, sweat, palpitations, and excitement. The result is low, the disease may be high: the result of hypothyroidism is high. Possible diseases: hyperthyroidism, acute myocardial infarction, chronic glomerulonephritis Before the test: Maintain reasonable eating habits and adjust the working schedule. When checking: Eliminate anxiety and nervousness. Inspection process 1. The patient lies on the hard board bed, the back is perpendicular to the table top, the head is bent as far as possible to the chest, the knees are tightly attached to the abdomen with both hands, so that the trunk is as arched as possible; or the assistant is used to hold the patient's head opposite the surgeon. The other hand pulls the lower limbs of the armpits and holds them tightly, so that the spine is as convex as possible to widen the intervertebral space, which is convenient for needle insertion. 2, determine the puncture point, usually the junction point of the highest point of the bilateral iliac spine and the posterior median line as the puncture point, here is equivalent to the third to fourth lumbar spine process, sometimes in the upper or lower lumbar spine The gap is carried out. 3, routine disinfection of the skin after wearing sterile gloves, cover the hole towel, with 2% lidocaine from the skin to the interspinous ligament for layer-by-layer local anesthesia. 4, the surgeon uses the left hand to fix the puncture point skin, the right hand holding puncture needle to the vertical back, the needle tip slightly obliquely to the direction of the head, the adult needle depth is about 4 ~ 6cm, children about 2 ~ 4cm. When the needle passes through the ligament and the dura mater, there is a sudden loss of resistance. At this point, the needle core can be slowly withdrawn (to prevent the cerebrospinal fluid from flowing out quickly, causing cerebral palsy), and the cerebrospinal fluid can be seen to flow out. 5. Connect the pressure measuring tube to measure the pressure before draining. The cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the normal lateral position is 70-180 mmH2O (0.098 Kpa=10 mmH2O) or 40-50 d/min. If you continue to do the queckstedt test, you can see if there is any obstruction in the subarachnoid space. That is, after the initial pressure is measured, the assistant first compresses one side of the carotid artery for about 10 s, then presses the other side, and finally presses both sides of the carotid artery. When the carotid artery is compressed at normal time, the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid immediately increases by about one time, and after 10 to 20 seconds after the pressure is released, it rapidly drops to the original level, which is called negative in the obstruction test, indicating that the subarachnoid space is unobstructed; if the carotid artery is compressed, it cannot be When the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid is raised, the obstruction test is positive, indicating that the subarachnoid space is completely blocked. If it rises slowly after applying pressure, it will slowly fall after relaxation, indicating incomplete obstruction. but. Those with increased intracranial pressure are forbidden to do this test. 6. Remove the pressure measuring tube and collect 2~5ml of cerebrospinal fluid for examination. If it is needed for cultivation, use sterile tube to keep the specimen. 7. After the operation, insert the needle core and pull out the puncture needle together, cover the sterile gauze, and fix it with tape. 8, go to the pillow for 4 to 6 hours, so as not to cause postoperative low intracranial pressure headache. Not suitable for the crowd 1. If there is obvious papilledema or cerebral palsy, contraindications are contraindicated. 2. Patients who are in shock, exhaustion or endangered state and local skin inflammation, and lesions in the posterior cranial fossa are contraindicated. Adverse reactions and risks If the patient has symptoms such as breathing, pulse, or abnormal color during puncture, stop the operation immediately and deal with it accordingly.