Cerebrospinal fluid routine examination (CSF)

Cerebrospinal fluid is a special body fluid that surrounds and circulates around the brain tissue and spinal cord of the nervous system. It plays an important role in brain protection, nutrition, metabolism and so on. Basic Information Specialist classification: examination classification: cerebrospinal fluid examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Including items: cerebrospinal fluid color, cerebrospinal fluid cytology, cerebrospinal fluid cell classification and counting, cerebrospinal fluid transparency, cerebrospinal fluid glucose, cerebrospinal fluid protein qualitative reminder: cerebrospinal fluid specimens are sent immediately after collection, and placement will affect the test results. Normal value Color and transparency are colorless and transparent. Coagulability: No solidification (no clot or film) within 12 to 24 hours. Clinical significance Cerebrospinal fluid general traits are mainly used for the diagnosis of neurological diseases. 1. Color colorless is a characteristic of normal cerebrospinal fluid, but it is also seen in viral encephalitis and neurosyphilis. Red is seen in bleeding for a variety of reasons. It should be distinguished from bleeding when the cerebrospinal fluid puncture may damage the blood vessels. Pathological hemorrhage is seen in cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Yellow is seen in the subarachnoid and ventricular hemorrhage, spinal canal obstruction, Guillain-Barre syndrome (also known as Guillain-Barré syndrome), purulent meningitis, severe tuberculous meningitis, severe jaundice, neonatal hemolysis disease. Milky white is common in purulent bacterial meningitis. Brown/black is seen in meningeal melanoma. 2. Transparency Cerebrospinal fluid can become turbid if it increases in cells, bacteria, fungi, etc. Tuberculous meningitis showed ground-glass opacity; suppurative meningitis showed obvious pus-like opacity; mild opacity or remained transparent in viral meningitis and encephalitis. 3. When the protein in the coagulating cerebrospinal fluid (the main protein causing coagulation is fibrinogen) increases (greater than 10 g/L), coagulation often occurs. Clot or sediment appeared within 1~2h, seen in purulent meningitis; film appeared after 12~24h, seen in tuberculous meningitis; gelatinous coagulation appeared in subarachnoid obstruction; floc appeared, seen in Neurosyphilis and so on. Precautions The cerebrospinal fluid specimens are sent for inspection immediately after collection. If they are placed for too long, the test results will be affected: if the cells are denatured and destroyed, the counting and classification will be inaccurate; some chemical substances such as glucose will reduce the decomposition content; the bacteria will cause autolysis to affect the detection rate of bacteria. . After the cerebrospinal fluid is extracted, three sterile tubes are generally divided. The first tube is used for bacterial culture, the second tube is used for chemical analysis and immunological examination, and the third tube is used for general traits and microscopic examination. The order of the three tubes should not be reversed. Due to the difficulty in collecting specimens, all inspection and testing procedures should be safe. Inspection process Cerebrospinal fluid routine examination. Not suitable for the crowd 1, intracranial hypertension caused by various reasons, especially those with optic nerve head edema. 2, lumbar tuberculosis or puncture site infection. 3, the whole body condition is not allowed to puncture. Adverse reactions and risks If the patient has symptoms such as breathing, pulse, or abnormal color during puncture, stop the operation immediately and deal with it accordingly.