protein S antigen

Protein S is a vitamin K-dependent anticoagulant that is synthesized by liver endothelial cells and megakaryocytes. The anticoagulant effect of protein S is mainly achieved by assisting the activation of protein S. Basic Information Specialist classification: growth and development examination classification: blood examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Tips: Keep a normal mindset. Normal value PS activity is 65% to 140%. The free PS concentration is 70% to 140%. The total PS concentration is 70% to 140%. Suspect factor V Leiden normal protein S activation rate ≤ 0.8. Clinical significance Deletion of the protein S pathway increases venous thrombosis (Table 1), although there is speculation that there is a link between the high risk of thrombosis and acquired PC loss, but confirmation is needed. The physiological role of the protein S pathway is to inhibit the coagulation system, which has been reported to be associated with stimulation of fibrinolysis, but needs further confirmation. Protein S has an accelerated activation of protein S, and when the protein S is deficient, the anticoagulant effect disappears. Activated protein S inhibits factor V variation, but has a small effect. Therefore, this mutation causes the anti-coagulation pathway of protein S to be inhibited and the risk of thrombosis increases. The decrease in protein S and protein S activity is clinically relevant, and there are two forms of genetic defects. Type I reduces both protein concentrations and activities due to reduced synthesis. Type II has a non-functional protein, ie, the concentration is normal and the activity is significantly reduced. There are other types in protein S A decrease in the concentration of type III free protein S causes an increase in the concentration of the C4b binding protein, that is, the total concentration and activity of the protein S are normal and the concentration and activity of the free protein S antigen are decreased. Regarding the variation of Factor V Leiden, due to the autosomal dominant inheritance type, the heterozygous carrier is different from the homozygous type. Low results may be diseases: lower extremity venous thrombosis, thrombosis considerations Other reference values ​​have been reported in the commodity reagent box. Inspection process The protein S concentration measurement (immunochemistry) is different from the protein S activity measurement method (physiological hemostatic activity). Under certain conditions, such as the acute reaction period, the results of the two methods are inconsistent. (1) Enzyme exemption: The protein S antigen concentration was determined. (2) Coagulation method: In the coagulation method, the measurement target is the anticoagulant activity of protein S, that is, the inactivation ability of factor VIIIa and factor Va. (3) Aminolysis method: This method uses a chromogenic substrate to determine protein S enzyme activity. Different from the coagulation method, the phospholipid binding site changes, such as oral anticoagulant therapy is more obvious, does not have any effect. Not suitable for the crowd People with reduced hematopoietic function such as leukemia, various anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or people with thrombocytopenia should pay attention to blood draw, and should not take more or more blood. Adverse reactions and risks 1. After the blood is drawn, do not press the needle hole to avoid subcutaneous hematoma. If there is a small piece of bruise in the blood, it is slightly tender, please don't panic, you can do hot compress after 24 hours to promote the absorption of blood. The general small amount of congestion will gradually absorb in 3 to 5 days and the color will become lighter and return to normal. 2. After the blood draw, symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, etc. should be immediately supine, drink a small amount of syrup, and then undergo a physical examination after the symptoms are relieved.