D-dimer

Plasmin decomposes fibrinogen and fibrin, which are key enzymes in fibrinolysis. Therefore, the determination of fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products is a landmark indicator of increased fibrinolysis (high fibrinolysis). Usually fibrin crosslinks on the vessel wall under the action of factor XIIIa. This cross-linked fibrin produces a specific D-dimer upon cleavage. Basic Information Specialist classification: growth and development examination classification: blood examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Analysis results: Below normal: No relevant information. Normal value: Plasma D-dimer: 20-400 μl Above normal: There may be thrombosis. negative: Possible thrombosis can be ruled out. Positive: There is a blood clot. Tips: Keep a normal mindset. Normal value The FDP in serum was <1 mg/L. D-dimer in plasma is 20 to 400 μl. This value is for reference only and the specificity of each kit must be considered. Clinical significance The fibrin (original) degradation product is the product of fibrinogen and fibrin under plasmin decomposition. As a kind of repair system, it is an indicator of the activity of the fibrinolytic system, and has the function of keeping the blood vessels of the body and the drainage line unobstructed. In the pathological condition of primary fibrinolysis, fibrinogen degradation products are dangerous signs of bleeding. Fibrin degradation products do not produce fibrin degradation products unless the activation of plasmin precedes thrombin. Unlike fibrin (original) decomposition products, they are secondary, reactive fibrinolysis products, such as the formation of D-dimers, suggesting the formation of blood clots. In the clot, the D-functional region adjacent to the fibrin molecule is ligated, and this functional region remains intact even after plasmin is induced to activate. In most cases, D-trimers, D-tetramers can also be formed while forming D-dimers. Primary fibrinolysis and FDP may be related to the surgical procedure, especially in contact with body foreign bodies, somatic bypass, extracorporeal circulation, necrotic tissue, and organs with high prothrombin activity (pancreas, lung, prostate, uterus). Vasoactive drugs (catecholamine, nicamic acid, vasopressin inducer) and F. sere. Fibrinogen decomposition products are important indicators of increased risk of bleeding, but accompanied by fibrin decomposition products, it also suggests that consumptive agglutination is further developed into DIC. Secondary (reactive) fibrinolysis is not an indicator of a primary disease, and elevated levels of FDP in the urine can occur in infections such as glomerulonephritis or bladder tumors. FDP appeared more than 2 weeks after kidney transplantation, strongly suggesting complications. The concentration of D-dimer in thrombotic diseases including microthrombus formation in DIC is elevated. The D-dimer assay is directly related to the dissolution of the clot, and these results are unaffected by the fibrinolysis of the system that may be present. If the D-dimer assay is for diagnosis, then each result must be recorded. In addition, the D-dimer can react independently of the wound healing response in the presence of a thrombus. D-dimer is not a unique thrombogenic marker and D-dimer negative excludes possible thrombosis due to the high negative predictive value. High results may be diseases: pediatric renal vein thrombosis, pediatric pulmonary embolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation in children, disseminated intravascular coagulation, obstetric disseminated intravascular coagulation, deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities, precautions for pulmonary embolism in the elderly (1) D-dimer can identify primary fibrinolysis and secondary fibrinolysis, and primary fibrinolytic D-dimer does not increase. (2) Under normal circumstances, D-dimer determination in the elderly is higher than that in young people. Inspection process There are a variety of monoclonal antibodies and methods of operation available, such as the longer time-consuming but more sensitive ELISA method and the less accurate but faster manual latex agglutination test. The rapid and sensitive immunoturbidimetric method has been applied. . In enzyme-linked immunoassays, the solid phase method also allows for the detection of individual samples. Not suitable for the crowd People with reduced hematopoietic function such as leukemia, various anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or people with thrombocytopenia should pay attention to blood draw, and should not take more or more blood. Adverse reactions and risks 1. After the blood is drawn, do not press the needle hole to avoid subcutaneous hematoma. If there is a small piece of bruise in the blood, it is slightly tender, please don't panic, you can do hot compress after 24 hours to promote the absorption of blood. The general small amount of congestion will gradually absorb in 3 to 5 days and the color will become lighter and return to normal. 2. After the blood draw, symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, etc. should be immediately supine, drink a small amount of syrup, and then undergo a physical examination after the symptoms are relieved.