testosterone

Testosterone (T) is a steroid hormone that is the main male hormone and the most active of male hormones. T is mainly secreted by the Leydig cells in the male. Female androgen is mainly derived from the peripheral transformation of hormone precursors in the ovary, adrenal cortex and non-endocrine tissues. T can promote the development of the Wolffian tube into the epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicles, promote the growth and development of the external reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics, affect the production of sperm, whether it is male or female, it has important effects on health, including enhancing sexual desire. , strength, immune function, anti-osteoporosis and other effects; In addition, T also promotes protein synthesis, promotes bone growth, promotes the production of renal erythropoietin, fights estrogen, maintains normal sexual function and mental orientation And other important physiological effects. In recent years, it has been found that testosterone can protect pancreatic islet cells by enhancing the synthesis of DNA in islet B cells and increasing the intracellular insulin content. The secretion of T is mainly regulated by luteinizing hormone (LH), which has a negative feedback effect on the hypothalamus and pituitary. T is mainly degraded and inactivated in the liver, and its metabolite 17-ketosteroid is excreted from the urine. According to statistics, the amount of testosterone secreted by adult males is 20 times that of adult females. Basic Information Specialist classification: examination classification: endocrine examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Tips: Before the inspection: fasting, do not drink water. Normal value In the follicular phase of normal menstrual cycle, the serum testosterone concentration is 0.43 ng/ml on average, and the upper limit is 0.68 ng/ml. If it exceeds 0.7 ng/m1 (equal to 2.44 nmol/L), it is called high testosteroneemia, or Kaohsiung. Hormoneemia. Adult male 14 ~ 25.4nmol / L female 1.3 ~ 2.8nmol / L children <8.8nmol / L female <0.7nmol / L gestation period 2.7 ~ 5.3nmol / L. Clinical significance Increased idiopathic male precocious puberty, familial male precocious puberty, adrenal hyperplasia, adrenal cortical tumors (adenocarcinoma significantly increased, adenomas are often increased), testicular tumors, testicular feminization, polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian masculinization Tumor, pineal tumor, idiopathic hirsutism, hypothyroidism, androgen, HCG and estrogen treatment. Reduce 21-trisomy syndrome, uremia, myotonia dystrophy, liver dysfunction, stagnation, primary or secondary hypogonadism (Klinefelter syndrome, Kallman syndrome, etc.), androgen therapy Wait after stopping the drug. Barbiturate sedatives, clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins and oral contraceptives can increase testosterone; androgen, dexamethasone, digoxin and alcohol make the results lower. Men who need to be examined are men over 40 years old, men with low sexual function, women with endocrine disorders, etc. Low results may be diseases: congenital testicular hypoplasia in children, congenital testicular hypoplasia, uremia, hirsutism, high results may be diseases: congenital adrenal hyperplasia in children, male precocious puberty, testicular feminization, women hirsutism, No testicular, congenital adrenal hyperplasia considerations Pre-inspection requirements: fasting, do not drink water. Inspection process Inspection method: draw blood. Not suitable for the crowd People with reduced hematopoietic function such as leukemia, various anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or people with thrombocytopenia should pay attention to blood draw, and should not take more or more blood. Adverse reactions and risks 1. After the blood is drawn, do not press the needle hole to avoid subcutaneous hematoma. If there is a small piece of bruise in the blood, it is slightly tender, please don't panic, you can do hot compress after 24 hours to promote the absorption of blood. The general small amount of congestion will gradually absorb in 3 to 5 days and the color will become lighter and return to normal. 2. After the blood draw, symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, etc. should be immediately supine, drink a small amount of syrup, and then undergo a physical examination after the symptoms are relieved.