Estradiol

Estradiol (E2) is the most active and active hormone in estrogen and is a hallmark of gonadal function. It changes periodically in adult women with menstrual cycle. E2 is mainly derived from the developmental follicle or corpus luteum, which is synthesized by follicular cells and granulosa cells under the dual action of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). E2 is converted to estrone (E1) and estriol (E3) after liver inactivation. Male E2 is mainly synthesized and secreted by Leydig cells. The main physiological role of E2 is to promote the development of female reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics; regulate the function of hypothalamus and pituitary by positive feedback and negative feedback; promote bone growth, accelerate bone fusion, and affect body lipoprotein and Water, salt metabolism. Basic Information Specialist classification: growth and development check classification: endocrine examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Tips: The fasting venous blood is not anticoagulated. The use of ovulation drugs such as clomiphene, estrogen, etc. can increase the test results; oral contraceptives can reduce E2. Normal value Female prepubertal, 0 ~ 121pmol / L; follicular phase, 37 ~ 330pmol / L; ovulation period, 367 ~ 1835pmol / L; luteal phase, 184 ~ 881pmol / L. Male prepubertal, 0 ~ 148pmol / L; adult, 0 ~ 942pmol / L. Clinical significance (1) E2 is an important hormone indicator for evaluating ovarian function. E2 is an important indicator of puberty initiation and diagnostic precocious puberty. Both of them are caused by increased secretion of FSH and LH, which promotes the secretion of E2 in the ovaries. In the menstrual cycle of adult women, there is a cyclical change, which gradually declines during menopause, and the decline after menopause is more obvious. E2 levels were significantly lower in patients with premature ovarian failure. (2) ovarian tumors can secrete hormones and cause E2 to increase; pituitary tumors, teratomas, testicular stromal cell tumors and other diseases can cause increased E2 secretion, resulting in male breast development; in addition, cirrhosis, multiple pregnancy, male Increased serum E2 levels can occur in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (3) ovarian hypoplasia or non-ovarian primary gonadal dysgenesis, hypogonadal or pituitary lesions caused by secondary gonadal insufficiency and congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hydatidiform mole, etc. can have serum E2 levels decreased. High results may be diseases: polycystic ovary syndrome, congenital ovarian hypoplasia Blood specimen: First, the precautions before blood draw 1, do not eat too greasy, high-protein food the day before the blood, to avoid heavy drinking. The alcohol content in the blood directly affects the test results. 2. After 8 pm on the day before the medical examination, you should start fasting for 12 hours to avoid affecting the test results. 3, should relax when taking blood, to avoid the contraction of blood vessels caused by fear, increase the difficulty of blood collection. Second, should pay attention after blood draw 1. After blood is drawn, local compression is required at the pinhole for 3-5 minutes to stop bleeding. Note: Do not rub, so as not to cause subcutaneous hematoma. 2, the pressing time should be sufficient. There is a difference in clotting time for each person, and some people need a little longer to clotting. Therefore, when the surface of the skin appears to be bleeding, the compression is stopped immediately, and the blood may be infiltrated into the skin due to incomplete hemostasis. Therefore, the compression time is longer to completely stop bleeding. If there is a tendency to bleed, the compression time should be extended. 3, after the blood draw symptoms of fainting such as: dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, etc. should immediately lie down, drink a small amount of syrup, and then undergo a physical examination after the symptoms are relieved. 4. If there is localized congestion, use a warm towel after 24 hours to promote absorption. 3. Please inform the doctor about the recent drug use and special physiological changes before the test. Pay attention to avoid taking the drugs that affect the results before the test, and follow the doctor's advice. For 24-hour urine specimens, please note: 1, stay 24 hours of urine on the same day of normal diet, normal activities, do not deliberately drink too much water, neither can stay in bed nor too vigorous exercise 2. When the weather is hot, some hospitals require preservatives to prevent the urine from deteriorating. The first urine collected after emptying the bladder at 7:00 on the first day is added to the container together with the preservative. However, it is best to add nothing, and the collected urine is most scientifically stored in the refrigerator. 3, during the cold period should not be done urine test, generally wait for a cold after a week to do. It is also best not to leave urine for diarrhea. Inspection process 1 ml of the plasma sample was extracted by adding 1 ml of 0.1 mol/L NaOH and 6 ml of CH 2 Cl 2 , and the CH 2 Cl 2 layer was washed twice with distilled water for 1 ml of distilled water each time. Aspirate two portions of the 2 ml extract into a small test tube, add 50 μl of each of 3H-estradiol, and blow dry with compressed air in a 45 ° C water bath. 0.2 ml of each antiserum was added, shaken, and placed at 4 ° C overnight. Add 5g/LGPS 0.1ml the next day, add 2.5g/LDCC0.5ml in 4°C ice bath, place for 15min, centrifuge for 10min (3000r/min), take the supernatant 0.4ml and move to 8ml scintillation solution. . Not suitable for the crowd People with reduced hematopoietic function such as leukemia, various anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or people with thrombocytopenia should pay attention to blood draw, and should not take more or more blood. Adverse reactions and risks 1. After the blood is drawn, do not press the needle hole to avoid subcutaneous hematoma. If there is a small piece of bruise in the blood, it is slightly tender, please don't panic, you can do hot compress after 24 hours to promote the absorption of blood. The general small amount of congestion will gradually absorb in 3 to 5 days and the color will become lighter and return to normal. 2, after the blood draw symptoms of dizziness such as: dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, etc. should immediately lie flat, drink a small amount of sugar water, and then undergo a physical examination after the symptoms are relieved.