circulating immune complexes

Circulating immunocomplex (CIC) is a type of soluble IC (8.8~19S) that forms a medium size when the amount of antigen is slightly excess. It can neither be cleared by phagocytic cells nor discharged through the glomerular filter pores. It is free in blood and other body fluids for a long time. When the permeability of the blood vessel wall increases, such IC can deposit on the capillary wall of certain parts or embedding on the glomerular basement membrane with blood flow, and activate complement. The occurrence of ICD. Examination of the presence of intra-tissue or circulating ICs contributes to the diagnosis of certain diseases, the study of pathogenesis, prognosis estimates, disease activity observations, and efficacy judgments. The detection methods of CIC can be roughly divided into two types, namely antigen specificity and antigen non-specific methods. The former selectively determines an IC containing a specific antigen by distinguishing between a free antigen and an antigen bound to the antibody. Such a method can be applied to diseases in which an immunopathological reaction caused by an antigen is known. The non-specific method of antigen does not consider the nature of the formation of an IC antigen, and is detected based on changes in the physical and biological properties of the immunoglobulin molecule after binding to the antigen. However, the commonly used tests are affected by factors such as Ig types and subclasses in the complex, complex size, antigen and antibody ratio, and fixed complement ability. They are often limited in clinical laboratory applications, so many laboratories often use them. Several different experimental methods were used for the detection. Basic Information Specialist classification: growth and development check classification: immunological examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: no Above normal: negative: Serum: CIC was negative (anti-complement test, gelatin binding test). Positive: Serum: 4.3 ± 2.0, with ≥ 8.3 as positive for immune complexes (PEG precipitation test). Tips: After 8 pm on the day before the medical examination, you should start fasting for 12 hours, so as not to affect the test results. Normal value Serum CIC was negative (anti-complement test, gelatin binding test). Serum 4.3 ± 2.0, with ≥ 8.3 as positive for immune complexes (PEG precipitation test). Serum <28.4 mg/L (SPA sandwich ELISA assay). Clinical significance The detection of immune complexes is important for determining the activity of the disease, the therapeutic effect, the prognosis, and the cause of the disease. Certain autoimmune diseases (such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, nodular polyarteritis, etc.), proliferative nephritis, nephritis after acute streptococcal infection, infectious diseases (such as chronic hepatitis B, leprosy) , dengue fever, malaria, etc., as well as cancer patients, circulating immune complexes may be detected in serum. Precautions First, the precautions before blood draw: 1, do not eat too greasy, high-protein food the day before the blood, to avoid heavy drinking. The alcohol content in the blood directly affects the test results. 2. After 8 pm on the day before the medical examination, you should start fasting for 12 hours to avoid affecting the test results. 3, should relax when taking blood, to avoid the contraction of blood vessels caused by fear, increase the difficulty of blood collection. Second, after blood draw should pay attention to: 1. After blood is drawn, local compression is required at the pinhole for 3-5 minutes to stop bleeding. Note: Do not rub, so as not to cause subcutaneous hematoma. 2, the pressing time should be sufficient. There is a difference in clotting time for each person, and some people need a little longer to clotting. Therefore, when the surface of the skin appears to be bleeding, the compression is stopped immediately, and the blood may be infiltrated into the skin due to incomplete hemostasis. Therefore, the compression time is longer to completely stop bleeding. If there is a tendency to bleed, the compression time should be extended. 3, after the blood draw symptoms of fainting such as: dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, etc. should immediately lie down, drink a small amount of syrup, and then undergo a physical examination after the symptoms are relieved. 4. If there is localized congestion, use a warm towel after 24 hours to promote absorption. 3. Please inform the doctor about the recent medication and special physiological changes before the test. Inspection process It is combined with anti-complement, gelatin, and PEG precipitation test. Not suitable for the crowd There are no special taboos. Adverse reactions and risks There are no related complications and hazards.