STD Research Laboratory Test

The STD laboratory tests use cardiolipin, lecithin and cholesterol as antigens for quantitative and qualitative tests. The reagents and control serum have been standardized and the cost is low. This method is commonly used, the operation is simple, and the result needs to be read by a microscope. The disadvantage is that the sensitivity of the first stage syphilis is not high. The cardiolipin is used as an antigen to measure anti-cardiolipin antibodies in serum, also known as responsive factors. The test is highly sensitive and low in specificity, and is prone to biological false positives. After adequate treatment of patients with early syphilis, the responsiveness can disappear, and the early untreated patients can be reduced or disappeared in some patients. Currently, screening and quantitative tests are generally used to observe efficacy, recurrence and reinfection. Treponema pallidum cannot be cultured in vitro or stained by conventional methods. Commonly used assays in the laboratory include the search for Treponema pallidum in a typical ulcer and the presence of antibodies in the serum. Different laboratory methods should be used for different stages of infection. Ulcers do not occur at any stage of the disease, and antibodies generally appear 1 to 4 weeks after ulceration. Basic Information Specialist classification: Infectious disease examination and classification: immunological examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: no Above normal: negative: The reaction was negative. Positive: Non-treponema pallidum antigen serum test. 1. Dark field examination can be used as a confirmatory test for the diagnosis of syphilis. If treponema pallidum is found, it can be diagnosed as syphilis infection. 2. This method is especially suitable for the diagnosis of early syphilis negative in serological tests. Serological examination of Treponema pallidum antibody (primary screening test). Tips: Pay attention to normal eating habits and pay attention to personal hygiene. Normal value The reaction was negative. Clinical significance Non-treponema pallidum antigen serum test. 1. Dark field examination can be used as a confirmatory test for the diagnosis of syphilis. If treponema pallidum is found, it can be diagnosed as syphilis infection. 2. This method is especially suitable for the diagnosis of early syphilis negative in serological tests. Serological examination of Treponema pallidum antibody (primary screening test) Abnormal results: abnormal results of syphilis in different periods. 1 stage syphilis. That is, hard chancre, with an incubation period of 2 to 4 weeks, a dark red hard mass, a shallow ulcer, a cartilage-like hardness, and a swollen peripheral lymph node. 2 second phase syphilis. After 1 to 2 months of primary syphilis, sympathetic rash, rash, pimples, pustular rash, etc. occur in the skin and mucous membranes of the whole body. Mucosal plaques, flat wet phlegm can occur in the mucosa, and the infection is strong. 3 third-phase syphilis. Occurred 2 to 3 years or even 10 years after infection, the skin is a gum-like swelling, and may also involve bone, joint, heart, blood vessels, manifesting aortic inflammation, aortic insufficiency and aortic aneurysm, etc., invading the nerve Spinal cord paralysis, generalized paralysis (paralytic dementia). Congenital syphilis has early congenital syphilis, equivalent to the second day of the day, but heavier. Late congenital syphilis is similar to the acquired day, but few heart, blood vessel and neuropathy occur. Mainly for substantial keratitis, neurological deafness, Hutchinson's teeth (central incisors in the upper incisors, small upper and upper, equal width and width), sabre-shaped humerus and so on. There may be latent syphilis between stages, asymptomatic, and only seropositive. The treatment uses penicillin or erythromycin, tetracycline, and the like. The person in need of examination has the above symptoms. Positive results may be diseases: flower willow disease, proliferative erythema, children with condyloma acuminata, sexually transmitted diseases neurosis, syphilitic uveitis, syphilitic scleritis, leeches, anal condyloma acuminata 1. The height of the concentrator should be appropriate, and it is better to have a darker background image. 2. Should take more tissue fluid to increase the positive rate, but try to avoid bleeding. 3. Observe immediately after taking the material to avoid affecting vitality. 4. Pay attention to the characteristics and movement patterns of Treponema pallidum to identify other spirochetes. 5. Dark-field view did not find treponema pallidum, can not rule out syphilis infection, should be reviewed later or serological examination. Forbidden before examination: Pay attention to normal eating habits and pay attention to personal hygiene. Requirements for inspection: Actively cooperate with the doctor. Inspection process 【material】 1. Dark field microscope. 2. Blunt knife, sterile saline, slides, coverslips, syringes, etc. 【method】 1. Take materials: 1 skin mucosal damage site: first add 1 drop of sterile saline on the slide, wipe the skin lesions with cotton swab, if there is suede, can be removed with a blunt knife, sputum patients squeeze the skin around by hand, The tissue fluid was exuded, and the tissue fluid was gently scraped with a blunt knife (to avoid bleeding), and the tissue exudate was mixed with sterile saline on the slide, and the slide was attached and the microscopic examination was performed. 2 Lymph nodes: disinfect the surface of the lymph nodes, use a 1m1 syringe with a 12-gauge needle, draw 0.25 ~ 0.5ml of sterile saline, aseptically puncture the lymph nodes and inject saline, then inhaled into the syringe, so repeated two or three times, take a small amount of lymph The liquid was directly added to the slide and the cover was taken for microscopic examination. 3 amniocentesis: amniocentesis of pregnant women with syphilis should be operated by professionals, amniotic fluid is directly added to the slide, and the film is covered after the cover. 2. Microscopic examination: 1 Turn on the dark field microscope and add a drop of distilled water (wet) to the concentrator. 2 Place the slide on the stage. 3 Ascending concentrator allows distilled water to contact the bottom of the slide, first focus with a 10x objective lens, and then observe with a 40x objective. 【result】 Under the dark field microscope, the typical spiral syphilis spirochete with luminescence and the characteristic movement mode (rotary motion, telescopic movement, bending forward) are positive results. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate crowd: No. Adverse reactions and risks No harm to the body.