immunoglobulin light chain

This week, the protein is a light chain monomer or dimer of immunoglobulin, belonging to incomplete antibody globulin, which is divided into κ type and λ type, with molecular stars of 22000 and 44000, respectively, and α2 to γ ​​spheres during protein electrophoresis. The M zone appears in a certain part of the protein zone, and is mostly located between the γ zone and the β-γ zone. Easy to excrete light chain urine from the kidneys. It can be filtered through the glomerular filtration membrane. If the amount exceeds the limit that can be absorbed by the proximal convoluted tubules, it is excreted from the urine and excreted in the urine more than albumin. The renal tubules have reabsorption and dissimilation to the protein of this week. When excreted by the kidney, it can inhibit the reabsorption of other protein components by the renal tubules, and can damage the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, thus causing renal dysfunction and proteinuria. At the same time, albumin and other protein components are discharged. This week, the protein can be solidified when heated to 40-60 ° C, and it can be redissolved when the temperature is raised to 90-100 ° C, so it is also called coagulating protein. Basic Information Specialist classification: Oncology examination classification: blood examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: no Above normal: negative: normal. Positive: abnormal. Tips: Do not drink plenty of water after dinner, check with the first urine in the morning. Normal value The urine protein was negative in the qualitative test of the protein (heat-solidification method or toluenesulfonic acid method). Clinical significance (1) Multiple myeloma is a neoplastic disease caused by malignant proliferation of plasma cells. Its abnormal plasma cells (myeloma cells) produce excessive light chains and are not associated with heavy chains in the process of making immunoglobulins. Before the assembly, it is secreted and excreted from the cells. The blood is circulated from the kidneys to the urine. About 35% to 65% of the cases are positive for proteinuria this week, but the daily discharge is very different, ranging from 1g to tens of Grams, up to 90g, sometimes qualitative test is intermittent positive, so a negative test can not rule out the disease. (2) Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia is a malignant proliferative disease of plasma cells. The increase of serum IgM is an important feature of this disease. About 20% of patients may have this week's protein in the urine. (3) Other diseases such as amyloidosis, malignant lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, metastatic tumor, chronic nephritis, pyelonephritis, kidney cancer and other patients also occasionally see this week's protein, may be related to the presence of immunoglobulin fragments in the urine . Positive results may be diseases: elderly non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, pregnancy with lymphoma, orbital amyloidosis, orbital non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma, orbital non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma, Malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma considerations Preparation before inspection: 1. Do not drink plenty of water after dinner. Check with the first urine in the morning. 2, urine specimens should take the middle section of the urine is the purest. Requirements for inspection: 1. Urine examination must be carried out in a clean container to keep fresh urine in time. 2. Avoid this period of inspection during the menstrual period. Inspection process This test is performed using the turbidimetric method. The method of immunoturbidimetric detection uses the substance to be detected as an antigen, and then prepares the corresponding antibody by immunizing the animal, and quantifies the substance to be detected by the specific binding reaction of the antigen-antibody. Automated coagulation instruments mostly use immunoturbidimetry. The immunoturbidimetric method can be further divided into direct turbidity analysis and latex turbidity analysis. Not suitable for the crowd There are no special taboos. Adverse reactions and risks There are no related complications and hazards.