anticardiolipin antibody

Antiphospholipid antibodies are a general term for a group of autoantibodies against various acidic phospholipids, including anticardiolipin antibodies, antiphosphatidylethanolamine, antiphosphatidylserine, antiphosphatidylglycerol and antiphosphatidic acid, among which anticardiolipin antibodies Most representative, its target antigen is a negatively charged cardiolipin present in the cell membrane and mitochondrial membrane, which is a glycerophospholipid structure. ACL can prolong thrombin-dependent clotting time by interfering with the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, preventing the binding of coagulation factor II and X to phospholipids, and promoting platelet production by inhibiting the production of prostacyclin (PGI2) by vascular endothelial cells. Thromboxane (TXA2), etc., is closely related to recurrent arteriovenous thrombosis, recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and thrombocytopenia. Basic Information Specialist classification: inspection classification: immune examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: no Above normal: negative: normal. Positive: When positive, it is easy to cause abortion, and thrombosis. When it is positive, because of the formation of tiny thrombus in the placenta, it causes ischemia and hypoxia of the embryo, causing intrauterine growth retardation, stillbirth, abortion and so on. Tips: Before the check-up: Do not eat too greasy, high-protein foods the day before the test, to avoid heavy drinking. The alcohol content in the blood directly affects the test results. Normal value The results of ACL determination in normal human serum are generally negative. That is, 1 ACL binding rate <20% (solid phase RIA method); 2 test serum and negative control absorbance ratio (P / N) < 2.1 (ELISA method). Clinical significance (1) ACL is mainly present in patients with various autoimmune diseases (such as SLE, RA, Sjogren's syndrome, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, Behcet's syndrome, etc.), in some malignant tumors, drug-induced and infections. It is also common in sexual diseases such as syphilis, leprosy, AIDS, malaria-infected patients and lymphoproliferative disorders. (2) In antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, recurrent arteriovenous thrombosis, recurrent spontaneous abortion, thrombocytopenia and central nervous system lesions, ACL has a high positive detection rate, and high titer ACL, It can be used as a sensitive indicator for predicting abortion and thrombosis. (3) Patients with cerebral thrombosis have the highest positive rate of IgG-type ACL and are closely related to clinical practice; about 70% of untreated ACL, positive pregnant women can have spontaneous abortion and intrauterine stillbirth, especially IgM type ACL can be used as natural flow ( Prospective indicators of death; thrombocytopenia is more common with IgG-type ACL, and is positively correlated with the degree of thrombocytopenia. Positive results may be diseases: antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, pregnancy with systemic lupus erythematosus precautions Taboo before the test: Do not eat too greasy, high-protein foods the day before the test, to avoid heavy drinking. The alcohol content in the blood directly affects the test results. Requirements for examination: In conjunction with a doctor's examination, neuropathy in SLE patients may be related to the destruction of the blood-brain barrier caused by ACA inhibition of glial cells and the effect of ACA on nerve cells and nerve fibers. Inspection process Diagnostic conditions: (1) Meet one clinical performance index plus one laboratory indicator. (2) APL is positive twice, with an interval of >3 months. (3) Follow-up for more than 5 years to exclude SLE or other autoimmune diseases. Inspection method: Since the establishment of ACA method by Harris et al in 1983, research on this antibody has been widely recognized and rapidly developed worldwide. Not suitable for the crowd Contrained people: Some drugs are taken orally: people such as chlorpromazine and phenothiazine. Adverse reactions and risks There are no related complications.