antidesmosome autoantibodies

Anti-hybrid autoantibodies are specific markers of pemphigus and are often combined with clinical, histological and immunopathology to confirm pemphigus. Its target antigen has three kinds of Dsg1, which is the main target antigen of lobular pemphigus antibody; Dsg2, which is present in various epithelial cells; Dsg3, which is the main target antigen of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) antibody. Anti-hybrid autoantibodies are commonly used in indirect immunofluorescence to detect staining patterns as characteristic reticular infections. The principle of indirect immunofluorescence experiments is to label fluorescein on the corresponding antibody and directly react with the corresponding antigen. In the first step, an unknown unlabeled antibody (sample to be tested) is added to a known antigen sample, and incubated at 37 ° C for 30 min in a wet box to sufficiently bind the antigen antibody, followed by washing to remove unbound antibody. In the second step, a fluorescently labeled anti-globulin antibody or an anti-IgG, IgM antibody is added. If an antigen-antibody reaction occurs in the first step, the labeled anti-globulin antibody will further bind to the antigen-bound antibody, thereby identifying an unknown antibody. Basic Information Specialist classification: growth and development check classification: immunological examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: no Above normal: negative: normal. Positive: Positive pemphigus. Tips: After 8 pm on the day before the medical examination, you should fast, so as not to affect the detection of indicators such as blood glucose in the second sky. Normal value IIF method (indirect immunofluorescence) is negative. Clinical significance Positive pemphigus. note: Autoantibodies that directly oppose the epidermal cell space can be detected in the serum of PV patients. These autoantibodies can be detected at the epidermal skin of the living skin, and indirect immunofluorescence technique (11F) can be used to confirm the presence of circulating autoantibodies in the serum of PV patients. The IIF staining pattern of PV autoantibodies is consistent with that of PF patients, and they are characteristic reticular infections. Using direct immunofluorescence technique (DIF), IgG and/or C3 can be detected on the surface of epidermal keratinocytes in skin biopsy specimens around the skin of all active PV patients. If the biopsy specimen is taken from skin lesions, the above test results may be negative. The IIF test is highly specific for pemphigus with few false positives. However, studies have also shown resistance in burns, penicillin allergy, toxic surface necrolysis, systemic lupus erythematosus, myasthenia gravis, bullous pemphigoid, scar pemphigus, lichen planus. A similar fluorescence pattern of desmosome autoantibodies should be noted for identification. Precautions First, the precautions before blood draw: 1, do not eat too greasy, high-protein food the day before the blood, to avoid heavy drinking. The alcohol content in the blood directly affects the test results. 2. After 8 pm on the day before the physical examination, fasting should be done to avoid affecting the detection of indicators such as blood glucose in the second sky. 3, should relax when taking blood, to avoid the contraction of blood vessels caused by fear, increase the difficulty of blood collection. Second, after blood draw should pay attention to: 1. After blood is drawn, local compression is required at the pinhole for 3-5 minutes to stop bleeding. Note: Do not rub, so as not to cause subcutaneous hematoma. 2, the pressing time should be sufficient. There is a difference in clotting time for each person, and some people need a little longer to clotting. Therefore, when the surface of the skin appears to be bleeding, the compression is stopped immediately, and the blood may be infiltrated into the skin due to incomplete hemostasis. Therefore, the compression time is longer to completely stop bleeding. If there is a tendency to bleed, the compression time should be extended. 3, after the blood draw symptoms of fainting such as: dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, etc. should immediately lie down, drink a small amount of syrup, and then undergo a physical examination after the symptoms are relieved. 4. If there is localized congestion, use a warm towel after 24 hours to promote absorption. Inspection process The same immunofluorescence method (IFA). Not suitable for the crowd There are no taboos. Adverse reactions and risks There are no related complications and hazards.