eye exam

General examination of the eye, including eye appendages and anterior segment examinations. The main purpose is to see the visual function of the macula. The average person thinks that normal vision means that you can see 1.5 or 1.0 in the eye chart. In fact, the standard for checking whether vision is normal or not is whether the eyesight can reach the standard after vision correction, that is, whether the vision after optometry can reach the standard. Basic Information Specialist Category: Ophthalmic Examination Category: Physical Examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: Inappropriate people: People who are allergic to drugs. Normal value Eye appendage examinations include examination of the eyelids, conjunctiva, tears, eyeball position, and eyelids. Eyelid examinations are generally performed under natural light for examination and palpation. The main observations: 1 eyelids with or without congenital anomalies, such as eyelid defects, cleft stenosis, ptosis and so on. 2 eyelid skin abnormalities, such as red, swollen, hot, pain, subcutaneous emphysema, lumps and so on. 3 The position of the eyelid is abnormal, such as the width and width of the bilateral cleft palate, and the presence or absence of internal and external valgus. 4 睑 edge and eyelashes are abnormal. The lacrimal examination includes two parts, the lacrimal gland and the lacrimal duct. Check the presence or absence of a lump in the lacrimal gland area, pay attention to the presence or absence of internal and external valgus and occlusion in the location of the punctum, whether there is redness, tenderness and fistula in the lacrimal sac area, whether the secretions overflow from the punctum when the lacrimal sac is squeezed, and the secretion of tears is checked by the device. Quantity, whether the lacrimal duct is narrow and obstructed. Conjunctival examination pay attention to the color of the conjunctiva, smooth and transparent, with or without congestion and edema, nipple hyperplasia, follicles, scars, ulcers and new masses. Eyeball and eyelid examination should pay attention to the size of the eyeball, the shape and position of the eyeball, and whether there is any involuntary nystagmus. Anterior segment examination includes examination of the cornea, anterior segment of the sclera, anterior chamber, iris, pupil, and lens. Corneal examination pays attention to the size and transparency of the cornea, surface smoothness, neovascularization, curvature and perception. Scleral examination pay attention to the sclera with or without yellow staining, nodules, congestion and tenderness. The anterior chamber examination pays attention to the depth of the anterior chamber, and whether the aqueous humor has turbidity, hemorrhage, empyema and foreign bodies. Iris examination pays attention to iris color, texture, presence or absence of new blood vessels, atrophy, nodules, cysts, adhesions, presence or absence of iris roots, defects, tremors and bulging. The pupil examination pays attention to the size, position and shape of the pupil, whether there is exudate, mechanical film and pigment in the pupil area, and whether the pupil directly reflects light, indirectly reflects light or near reflection. Crystal inspection pay attention to crystal transparency, position and crystal presence. Clinical significance Abnormal results: Arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, blood disease, tuberculosis, infective endocarditis, vitamin deficiency, sarcoidosis, etc. Surgical craniocerebral trauma is the most common disease that can cause eye changes. Other diseases, such as cerebrovascular diseases of the nervous system, demyelinating diseases, degenerative diseases of the spinal cord, brain tumors, inflammation, psychosis, pregnancy-induced hypertension in obstetrics and gynecology, stomatology, otolaryngology diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, heredity Metabolic diseases, rheumatic immune diseases, etc. can also cause eye lesions. Patients who need to be examined for eye complications. Precautions Contraindications before examination: The disease should be treated in time. Requirements for inspection: Obey the doctor and report the abnormal situation. Inspection process The first step: visual inspection: The main purpose is to see the visual function of the macula. The average person thinks that normal vision means that you can see 1.5 or 1.0 in the eye chart. In fact, the standard for checking whether vision is normal or not is whether the eyesight can reach the standard after vision correction, that is, whether the vision after optometry can reach the standard. Step 2: Check for eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctiva, pupils, fundus and intraocular pressure. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate people: People who are allergic to drugs.