Leptospira antibody

When Leptospira invades the human body, it can stimulate the body to produce specific antibodies, so it can be determined by using known antigens and antigen-sensitized vectors. Basic Information Specialist classification: Infectious disease examination and classification: immunological examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: After the blood draw, symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, etc. should be immediately supine, drink a small amount of sugar water, and then undergo a physical examination after the symptoms are relieved. Normal value The microscope agglutination test was less than 1:300. The indirect immunofluorescence assay has a serum antibody titer of less than 1:100. Indirect agglutination test single serum indirect hemagglutination titer is less than 1:160. The indirect carbon condensation titer is less than 1:640. The milk coagulation titer is less than 1:2. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was negative (P/N less than 2.1). Clinical significance This project is mainly used for the diagnosis of leptospirosis. Microscopic agglutination test This test has high specificity and sensitivity, and is the most widely used serological test method for Leptospira. Serum detection antibody should be taken in the acute phase (3 to 4 days after the onset of the disease) and the recovery period of 3 to 4 weeks. A single serum antibody titer greater than 1300 or a recovery serum titer that is more than four times higher than the acute phase is diagnostic. If the single serum titer is less than 1:300, it may be early infection, infection with Leptospira and vaccination. Indirect immunofluorescence test serum antibody titer greater than 1:100 or recovery period serum titer is more than 4 times higher than the acute phase can be judged as positive. The antibody of this method appears earlier and disappears quickly. It often turns negative after 1 to 2 months after the recovery period; it has no cross-reaction with normal human serum and is specific. Its sensitivity and specificity are high, with early diagnosis. Indirect agglutination test The indirect hemagglutination titer of a single serum is greater than 1:160, the indirect carbon condensation titer is greater than 1:640, the milk coagulation titer is greater than 1:2, or the recovery serum titer is more than 4 times higher than the acute phase. , has diagnostic value. The specificity of this method is not as good as the microscopic agglutination test, but it is fast, simple, and easy to use in the base layer. It can also be used as a screening test for leptospirosis. Synergistic agglutination test Staphylococcal protein A can non-specifically bind to the Fc segment of lgG in serum, and synergistic agglutination reaction can occur, thereby identifying the corresponding group of Leptospira. In the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the single-part serum OD value P/N was greater than 2.1, and the double serum was increased by more than 4 times, which was positive. The method is useful for the diagnosis of leptospirosis, and has genus specificity, and its sensitivity and specificity are high; if the specific lgM is detected at the same time, it has the significance of early diagnosis. Precautions Before inspection: 1, do not eat too greasy, high-protein food the day before the blood, to avoid heavy drinking. The alcohol content in the blood directly affects the test results. 2. After 8 pm on the day before the medical examination, you should start fasting for 12 hours to avoid affecting the test results. 3, should relax when taking blood, to avoid the contraction of blood vessels caused by fear, increase the difficulty of blood collection. After inspection: 1. After blood is drawn, local compression is required at the pinhole for 3-5 minutes to stop bleeding. Note: Do not rub, so as not to cause subcutaneous hematoma. 2, the pressing time should be sufficient. There is a difference in clotting time for each person, and some people need a little longer to clotting. Therefore, when the surface of the skin appears to be bleeding, the compression is stopped immediately, and the blood may be infiltrated into the skin due to incomplete hemostasis. Therefore, the compression time is longer to completely stop bleeding. If there is a tendency to bleed, the compression time should be extended. 3, after the blood draw symptoms of fainting such as: dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, etc. should immediately lie down, drink a small amount of syrup, and then undergo a physical examination after the symptoms are relieved. 4. If there is localized congestion, use a warm towel after 24 hours to promote absorption. Inspection process The examination process: blood is drawn, blood is taken for examination, and venous blood is generally taken, and blood is drawn by a doctor or a nurse. The amount of blood drawn is determined according to the difference of the test content and the number of items. The blood volume is usually 2-20 ml, and the maximum is not more than 50 ml. After the blood is drawn, microscopic agglutination test, indirect immunofluorescence test, indirect agglutination test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the like are performed according to actual conditions. Not suitable for the crowd There are no taboos. Adverse reactions and risks There are no related complications and hazards.