ophthalmoscopy

Ophthalmoscopy is used to examine the refractive interstitial (corneal, aqueous, lens and vitreous) and fundus (optical disc, retina and choroid) of the eye. It is a common examination method for ophthalmology. Can be placed about 15 to 16 times the fundus image, as seen as a positive image, the range of the fundus can be seen is small, but more detailed and detailed, can also be conveniently used to check the refractive interstitial of the eye. Basic Information Specialist Category: Ophthalmic Examination Category: Other Inspections Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: Inappropriate crowd: closed angle glaucoma. Pre-examination contraindications: Precautions should be taken to eliminate contraindications before dilatation. Normal value (1) There is no turbidity in the interocular refractive interstitial (corneal, aqueous humor, crystal, vitreous). (2) Fundus: 1. The optic disc is located on the nose side of the eyeball about 3 to 4 mm, and the diameter is about 1.5 mm. It is oval in shape and reddish in color, but the color on the temporal side is slightly light. The boundary is clear, and the upper and lower sides are slightly blurred due to the crowded optic nerve fibers. 2. Blood vessels These blood vessel branches do not coincide with each other. The arteries are bright red, the tube diameter is thin and straight, and there is a clear reflection strip in the center, which is about 1/3 of the tube diameter. The veins are dark red, the tube diameter is slightly thicker and more curved, and the reflection of the lumen is darker and smaller. 3. The macula is usually a circular area that is slightly darker than the rest of the fundus and is dark red. 4. The fundus is generally diffuse orange-red under the illumination of the lens. This is due to the pigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium and choroid and the color of the blood in the choroidal capillaries. Clinical significance Abnormal results of vitreous, optic disc, retina, choroid and other parts of the disease, as well as some systemic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, blood disease, kidney disease and other fundus lesions. Need to check the crowd to avoid glaucoma patients. Precautions Pre-examination contraindications: Precautions should be taken to eliminate contraindications before dilatation. Requirements for inspection: There is an order when checking the fundus. Inspection process The inspection method is divided into direct inspection method and indirect inspection method: (1) Direct examination method: It can put the fundus image about 15 to 16 times. It can be seen as a positive image. The range of the fundus can be seen is small, but it is more detailed and detailed, and can also be conveniently used to check the refractive interstitial of the eye. . The inspection tool is a direct ophthalmoscope with a light source. The -25D-0-+25D spherical lens dial is installed in the observation hole, which can be used to correct the refractive error of the examiner and the subject during the examination. (2) Indirect inspection method: Indirect ophthalmoscope can magnify the fundus by 4.5 times. It is seen as an inverted real image. The range of seeing is large, and it can reach 25° to 60° at a time. The stereoscopic effect is strong and the depth of field is wide. Detachment, wrinkles, and other lesions that are not on the same plane of the fundus can be seen at the same time. If the scleral compressor is used, the most peripheral part of the fundus such as the serrated edge or even the flat part of the ciliary body can be seen. The ophthalmoscope is equipped with a translucent, semi-reflective side view mirror for teaching purposes. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate crowd: closed angle glaucoma.