Infant respiratory examination

Infant breathing check is one of the important items for neonatal examination. The baby is born normally, but due to various causes of breathing difficulties, apnea, respiratory distress, etc., a breath check is performed. In order to determine the cause of the baby, and to respond. Neonataldyspnea refers to abnormalities in respiratory type, phase, frequency, rhythm, and depth caused by various diseases after the newborn is born with normal breathing. Basic Information Specialist Category: Respiratory Examination Category: Other Inspections Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Reminder: Requirements for inspection: Actively cooperate with the doctor's work. Normal value Normal breathing, respiratory rate, rhythm, uniformity, etc. Clinical significance Abnormal result Neonataldyspnea refers to abnormalities in respiratory type, phase, frequency, rhythm, and depth caused by various diseases after the newborn is born with normal breathing. (1) Nervous system diseases Central nervous system hypoplasia, central nervous system congenital infection, craniocerebral injury, intracranial hemorrhage, radial nerve palsy, encephalitis, meningitis, intrauterine distress, suffocation at birth. (two) respiratory diseases Small jaw and big tongue deformity, posterior nostril atresia, tracheal stenosis, esophageal tracheal fistula, throat, laryngeal cartilage softening, respiratory infection or foreign body obstruction, lung dysplasia, atelectasis, wet lung, hyaline membrane, various Pneumonia (infectious or inhaled), empyema, pus and pneumothorax, pulmonary lymphangiectasis, etc. (3) Cardiovascular diseases A variety of congenital or acquired heart disease, especially those with purpura and associated with cardiac insufficiency, right aortic arch, double aortic arch, vascular ring, pulmonary vein drainage malformation. (four) blood system diseases Denaturing hemoglobinemia, severe anemia, hemorrhage, and high viscosity syndrome of blood. (5) Metabolic and other diseases Acidosis, hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, excessive infusion, drug poisoning, and abdominal diseases such as congenital megacolon, severe bloating. Neonatal apnea is defined as a cessation of respiratory airflow ≥ 20 s with or without heart rate slowing or < 15 s, accompanied by a slow heart rate. In premature infants, breathing pauses for 10 to 15 s, and periodic breathing, which is not accompanied by slow heartbeat, is normal. The type of neonatal apnea. (1) Centrality - no airflow due to central nervous system causes airflow to stop; (2) obstructive - respiratory motion exists without airflow in the respiratory tract; (3) mixed. Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is also known as hyaline membrane disease. Due to the lack of pulmonary surfactant, the end-tidal alveolar collapses, resulting in progressive exacerbations of respiratory distress and respiratory failure shortly after birth. Mainly seen in premature infants, the smaller the gestational age, the higher the incidence. In addition, diabetic mothers, cesarean sections, second-child and male infants of twins, multiple births, intrauterine distress or asphyxia, genetic history, and the incidence of RDS are also higher. Complications: 1. Air leaks. 2. Oxygen poisoning. 3. The arterial catheter is open during the recovery period. People who need to be checked 1. Premature infants with a birth weight of ≤1800g (32 weeks pregnant); 2. Infants whose siblings have sudden death syndrome; 3. Infants with nervous system and various diseases mentioned above. Precautions Taboo before the examination: poor rest, improper diet, excessive fatigue. Requirements for inspection: Actively cooperate with the doctor's work. Inspection process 1. Whole blood routine: Hematocrit and blood culture can identify anemia and sepsis. Blood biochemical tests can exclude electrolyte disturbances and metabolic disorders. 2. Image inspection (1) X-ray examination: chest X-ray can find lung diseases such as pneumonia, hyaline membrane disease, etc., and it can help the diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Abdominal radiographs can rule out necrotizing enterocolitis. (2) Head CT: It is helpful for diagnosing neonatal intracranial hemorrhage and central nervous system disorders. (3) Super-block examination: Skull ultrasound examination can exclude intraventricular hemorrhage. Cardiac ultrasound is helpful for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease. 3. Polysomnography: By monitoring EEG and muscle movement, not only can distinguish between different types of apnea, but also can indicate the relationship between apnea and sleep phase, which helps to diagnose the cause of apnea. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate crowd: None.