smear

The smear is an examination method for detecting pathogens including gonococcal bacteria, cryptococcus, syphilis, and corynebacterium diphtheria in blood or tissues. The basic procedure is as follows: tableting → fixing → mordation → dyeing → bleaching → counterstaining → washing → drying → microscopic examination. Basic Information Specialist classification: Infectious disease inspection and classification: feces / parasitic examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: Before the check: taboo: pay attention to normal eating habits, pay attention to personal hygiene. Normal value Absolute pathogens were not detected in the smear test, and the number of pathogenic bacteria and the location should be normal. Clinical significance Abnormal results: First, abnormal white blood cell morphology: 1. The toxic changes of neutrophils are more common in severe infections and poisoning. Close observation of the number of white blood cells and the toxic changes of neutrophils have important clinical value in judging the degree of infection, patient resistance and prognosis. 2. Other abnormal changes in neutrophils: (1) Giant multi-leaf nuclear neutrophils - more common in megaloblastic anemia. (2) rod-shaped bodies - mainly found in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. (3) Other abnormal granulocytes are mostly genetically related abnormal morphological changes. 3. Heterotypic lymphocytes are more common in serious viral infections, allergies and poisoning. Among them, patients with fever, submandibular and cervical lymph nodes, increased white blood cells, and more than 10% of atypical lymphocytes are more likely to diagnose infectious mononucleosis. Some types of atypical lymphocytes can also be seen in some children's blood, but no more than 3%, no clinical diagnostic value. 4. Smear cells or basket cells, found in lymphocytic leukemia. 5. Blood system diseases can affect the quality of red blood cells, especially in anemia patients, not only the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration, but also the corresponding specific red blood cell morphology changes, which are manifested in red blood cell size, shape, dyeing properties and inclusions. abnormal. Second, (1) Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection The main symptoms of gonorrhea are urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, urethral opening, cervix or vaginal opening with purulent secretions. Or gonococcal conjunctivitis, enteritis, pharyngitis, etc., or disseminated gonorrhea symptoms. (2) C. neoformans is an important opportunity for respiratory infections. It can cause serious clinical symptoms, most commonly meningitis. (3) Diphtheria bacilli invade the body and grow only in the throat, which produces diphtheria toxin into the blood, which can cause symptoms such as myocarditis and adrenal dysfunction. (4) Symptoms of infection caused by other pathogens: The patients in need of examination are gonococcal, Cryptococcus neoformans, Treponema pallidum, Corynebacterium diphtheria and other pathogen-infected patients and patients with suspected blood. Precautions Forbidden before examination: Pay attention to normal eating habits and pay attention to personal hygiene. Requirements for inspection: Actively cooperate with the doctor. Inspection process Drip a drop of distilled water on a clean glass slide, perform aseptic operation with an inoculating loop, pick up the culture a little, place the water droplets on the slide, mix with water to make a suspension and apply a thin layer of about 1 cm in diameter. In order to avoid excessive aggregation of the bacteria into groups, it is unfavorable to observe the individual morphology. Add one drop of water to one side of the slide, and take another ring from the coated bacterial solution to dilute it. The cloth is formed into a thin layer, and if the material is a liquid culture or a solid culture, the prepared bacterial liquid is washed, and then directly coated on a glass slide. The basic procedure is as follows: Production → Fixation → Mordant → Dyeing → Decolorization → Counterstaining → Washing → Drying → Microscopic examination. According to the morphological characteristics of various bacteria, the judgment is drawn. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate crowd: No.