Physical examination for skin diseases

Physical examination of skin diseases is a physical examination of the skin, such as skin scratch test, slide examination, and the like. Patients with positive skin scratch test often twitched in the tight belt, strap, garter, etc., and the wind group produced more due to scratching. It is generally believed that skin scratching occurs due to the involvement of IgE antibodies and is associated with some functional abnormalities in skin mast cells. Basic Information Specialist classification: skin examination classification: biochemical examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: Mainly for diet, avoid spicy foods such as hot and sour foods and high-protein foods such as fish and eggs. It is best to avoid contact or use strong irritating chemicals in daily life. Normal value The appearance of the skin is observed, and the skin is non-destructive, and the non-lesional state is normal. If you suspect that the skin is allergic to an allergen, you need to do a specific skin scratch test, usually after disinfecting the outer or upper skin of the upper arm, using a needle tip to draw a 0.5 to 1 cm long streak on the skin to avoid bleeding. For the degree, drop the test substance onto it and wipe it gently. At the same time, when using a variety of allergens, the scratches should have a distance of 4 to 5 cm, and the results should be observed 20 minutes after the test, and the test materials should be wiped off, and the reaction standard is as follows: normal humans are negative (-). ±, suspicious, edematous erythema or wheal diameter less than 0.5 cm cm. +, weakly positive, the wind group has a red halo, the diameter is equal to 0.5 cm. ++, positive, wind blush is obvious, diameter is O.5 ~ 1.0 cm, no pseudopod. +++, strong positive, the wind group has significant redness and pseudopod, diameter greater than 1 cm. Clinical significance Abnormal results: Edema erythema, wheal has significant redness and pseudopod. People with urticaria, atopic dermatitis, drugs and food allergies may be positive. Inflammatory erythema, telangiectasia, etc., the pressure can be faded; purpura, pigmentation, etc., the pressure does not fade; the lupus nodules of ordinary vulgaris, the apple is colored. Some characteristics are specific and specific abnormalities of skin diseases. Need to check the population of patients with allergic skin diseases such as urticaria, drug eruption, atopic dermatitis. Precautions Taboo before the inspection: Mainly diet attention, avoid spicy food such as hot and sour wine and high-protein food such as fish and eggs. It is best to avoid contact or use strong irritating chemicals in daily life. Requirements for inspection: Actively cooperate with the doctor. Inspection process 1. Skin scratch test: The practice of skin scratch test is to use the blunt instrument to bend the forearm flexor skin, and after 1 to 2 minutes, a wheal is generated at the blunt device, which is positive for the skin scratch. If you suspect that the skin is allergic to an allergen, you can also do a specific skin scratch test by selecting the outer side of the arm or the back skin. After disinfecting the skin, use a needle tip to draw a mark of 05 to 1 cm long on the skin. No bleeding is used, the test object is dropped on it, and it is lightly rubbed. At the same time, when testing with a variety of allergens, there should be a distance of 4 to 5 cm between the scratches. There must be a control during the test, usually the results are observed 20 minutes after the test, and the test object is wiped off. Patients with positive skin scratch test often twitched in the tight belt, strap, garter, etc., and the wind group produced more due to scratching. It is generally believed that skin scratching occurs due to the involvement of IgE antibodies and is associated with some functional abnormalities in skin mast cells. 2. Glass film examination method: Glass film examination method is to force the glass piece to the lesion for at least 10 to 20 seconds. The general inflammatory erythema, telangiectasia or hemangioma will disappear under the pressure, and the spots and pigmentation will not disappear. . The nodules of lupus vulgaris have a unique applesauce color after being pressed with a slide. Anemia can disappear after being pressed with a glass piece. Some characteristics are unique to skin diseases. Clinically, dermatologists often use glass tablets to diagnose certain diseases when examining patients. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate people: vary according to the tests performed.