Liver surface state and margins

Liver surface condition and marginal examination are an auxiliary examination method for checking the normal state and edge of the liver surface of the abdominal liver. This includes checking whether the surface of the liver is smooth, with no nodules, thin edges, and neatness. The normal liver surface is smooth, the edges are neat, and the thickness is uniform. Hepatic congestion, hepatitis, fatty liver, liver surface is smooth, the edge is round and blunt; cirrhosis, liver surface has small nodules, the edges are not neat; liver cancer, polycystic liver, liver surface is thick and uneven nodular, The thickness of the margin is also inconsistent; large liver cancer, liver abscess and liver hydatidosis, the liver surface is a massive bulge. Basic Information Specialist classification: Digestive examination classification: other examinations Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: cooperate with the doctor's inspection work. Normal value The normal liver surface is smooth, the edges are neat, and the thickness is uniform. Clinical significance Abnormal result 1, the liver edge blunt is common in fatty liver or liver congestion. 2, the liver surface is not smooth, showing uneven nodular shape, the edge thickness is also inconsistent in liver cancer, polycystic liver. 3, the surface of the liver is a massive bulge, seen in massive liver cancer, liver abscess and liver hydatid disease. The liver is lobulated like a banana, found in liver syphilis. People who need to be examined: routine physical examination items, abnormal abdominals. Precautions Requirements for inspection: 1 In order to avoid the abdominal muscle tension of the examinee, the examiner may first place the palm on the abdominal wall, so that the examinee can adapt to a moment and then palpate the examination; 2 When checking, you can talk to the examinee at the same time, diverting your attention and reducing abdominal muscle tension; 3 Various palpation techniques should be combined with different inspection sites for flexible application. Inspection process At the time of palpation, the examinee is in the supine position, the knee joints are flexed, the abdominal wall is relaxed, and deeper abdominal breathing is performed to move the liver up and down. The examiner is placed on the right side of the patient with one or both hands. One-handed palpation is more common. The examiner puts the right hand four fingers together, the metacarpophalangeal joint is straight, and is placed in parallel with the costal margin in the right abdomen to estimate the lower edge of the liver or below the percussive liver dullness. When the gas is blowing, the finger is pressed to the deep part of the abdominal wall. When inhaling, the finger is slowly raised, and the edge of the liver is moved upward toward the rib edge. Repeatedly, the finger gradually moves toward the costal margin until it touches the liver margin or the costal margin. It is necessary to palpate the liver margin on the right midline and the front midline, respectively, and measure it with the costal margin or sword when breathing calmly. The distance from the root of the root, expressed in centimeters. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate people: Basically no suitable for the crowd, but people with mental disorders should pay attention. Adverse reactions and risks Nothing.