Abdominal palpation

Abdominal shape palpation is an auxiliary examination method for checking whether the abdomen is normal. Palpation is an important abdominal examination. When inspected, the person to be inspected should have a low lying pillow, and the lower limbs flex slightly apart. The hands are naturally placed on both sides of the trunk, and the abdominal muscles are relaxed to make deep and uniform abdominal breathing. The examiner stands on the right side of the examinee and faces the examinee. The right forearm is in the same plane as the abdomen of the examinee. The hand is warm, the palm of the hand is placed on the abdomen, and the counterclockwise direction is checked from the lower left. The movement should be gentle and can be checked. Conversation, distracting the examinee's attention to reduce abdominal muscle tension, pay attention to the facial expression of the examinee, in principle, palpation does not complain of pain. Abdominal palpation mainly includes abdominal wall tension, presence or absence of tenderness and rebound tenderness, abdominal mass, fluid wave tremor, and intra-abdominal organs such as liver and spleen. Basic Information Specialist classification: Digestive examination classification: other examinations Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: Maintain a normal diet and schedule before checking. Normal value Normal people have a certain tension on the abdominal wall, but the touch is soft and easy to collapse. The abdominal wall is soft. There is no pain when the normal abdomen touches. Clinical significance Abnormal result Abdominal wall tension (1) Localized abdominal wall tension is seen in the inflammation of the local peritoneum. (2) general abdominal wall tension 1) slab-like abdomen seen in diffuse peritonitis, caused by acute gastrointestinal perforation or organ rupture; 2) facial sensation seen in dry tuberculous peritonitis, cancerous peritonitis. 2. tenderness and rebound tenderness and tenderness come from abdominal wall or intra-abdominal lesions, which have a suggestive effect on the lesion. People who need to be examined: routine physical examination items, abnormal abdominals. Precautions Forbidden before examination: Maintain a normal diet and schedule. Requirements for inspection: 1: To avoid the tension of the abdominal muscles of the examinee, the examiner may first place the palm on the abdominal wall, so that the examinee can adapt to a moment and then palpate the examination; 2 can simultaneously talk with the examinee during the examination. Transfer their attention and reduce abdominal muscle tension; 3 various palpation techniques should be combined with different examination sites for flexible application. Inspection process The contents of the inspection include: (1) The examinee should take the low-pillow supine position after urinating, the hands are naturally placed on both sides of the body, the legs are slightly bent apart, the abdominal muscles are relaxed, and the deep and uniform abdominal breathing is made. (2) The examiner should be on the right side of the examinee, and the forearm should be at the same level as the abdomen surface. The hand should be warm when inspecting, and the technique should be gentle. (3) Palpate the various parts of the abdomen in order. Generally, starting from the left lower abdomen, the examination is performed counterclockwise; the principle is to move from the bottom to the top, the first left and the right, and gradually move from the healthy part to the lesion area. (4) Observing the reaction and expression of the examinee while palpating, and giving comfort and explanation to those who are nervous or suffering. (5) Application of palpation technique: 1 shallow palpation method: abdominal wall depression 1cm or so, used to check the abdominal wall tension, superficial tenderness, mass, pulsation and subcutaneous lipoma, nodules, etc.; 2 deep palpation Method: The abdominal wall is invaded more than 2cm, used to check the tenderness, rebound tenderness and the condition of abdominal organs and abdominal masses; 3 sliding palpation method: when touching the abdominal organs or masses, it is made up and down, left and right Sliding touch to understand the shape and size of organs or masses; 4 two-hand palpation method: for checking liver, spleen, kidney and intra-abdominal masses; 5 floating and sinking (shock) palpation method: for deep abdomen when inspecting deep Organs and lumps; 6 hook finger palpation: for liver and spleen examination. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate people: Generally, there is no suitable for the crowd, but mental patients should be careful. Adverse reactions and risks Nothing.