Facial sensory examination of the trigeminal nerve

The skin sensation of the facial surface is mainly distributed by the trigeminal sensory branch, the trigeminal nerve root is thick, and the cell body is concentrated in the trigeminal nucleus. Three large and thick dry eye branches, maxillary branch and mandibular branch are issued from the semilunar ganglion. The facial sensation of the trigeminal nerve is the same as the sensation examination of other parts of the body. The main contents of the examination are pain, touch and temperature. The general feel of the lips, nostrils, mouth and tongue is also checked. The feeling on the cornea can be measured with cotton wool. Basic Information Specialist classification: neurological examination classification: neuroelectrophysiology Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: Maintain a normal diet and schedule. Don't be too nervous, actively cooperate with the doctor. Normal value The left and right sides of the face feel consistently checked, and the pain and touch are unobstructed. Clinical significance Abnormal results: facial pain, temperature and touch should be peripheral damage when the obstacle occurs simultaneously, and can occur in any of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve, only pain, temperature sensation, and tactile presence, the center Sexual damage, its distribution is limited to the eye branch, or the eye branch combined with the maxillary branch, or three branches at the same time. People who need to be examined: patients with symptoms of facial pain. Precautions Forbidden before examination: Maintain a normal diet and schedule. Requirements for examination: doctors should try to relax facial muscles when they are checking, do not be too nervous, actively cooperate with the doctor's work, do not panic when the doctor touches the pain point, and actively reflect the feeling and pain level to the doctor. Inspection process The method of inspection is to use needles, cotton wool and hot water (40-45 ° C) or cold water (5-10 ° C) placed in the test tube, and the three branches of the trigeminal nerve are in the facial distribution area, and the left and right sides are felt. Check the comparison, and pay attention to whether the pain and touch are all obstacles, and the extent of their distribution, in order to identify the sensory disorder belongs to the trigeminal peripheral (peripheral or radiculous) or central (trigeminal sensory nuclear) damage. Since the fibers of the surrounding and central parts of the trigeminal nerve are distributed differently, it should be understood that the sensory disturbance is limited to a certain area or limited to a certain feeling. In the case of peripheral damage, pain, temperature and touch should occur simultaneously and can occur in any of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve. In the case of central damage, there are often only pain and temperature sensation, and the sense of touch exists. The distribution is limited to the ocular branch, or the ocular branch is combined with the maxillary branch, or the three branches are involved at the same time. Rare people have maxillary or mandibular single-handle disorders, which are often accompanied by other symptoms of lateral medullary or upper cervical spine damage. In the case of trigeminal nerve damage, in addition to sensory disturbances, there are tender points. The tender point is mostly located at the bone hole of the skull, such as the supraorbital or supraorbital incision of the first branch, the infraorbital hole of the second branch, and the pupil of the third branch. At the time of examination, attention should also be paid to the presence or absence of special sensitive parts of the facial skin. In the light touch of a part of the patient's trigeminal nerve distribution area (such as the upper lip, incisors, mouth, nose, eyebrows, etc.), the author of the trigeminal nerve is called the trigger. point". Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate crowd: None. Adverse reactions and risks Nothing.