pathological reflex examination

Abnormal reflexes that occur only when the central nervous system is damaged are called pathological reflexes. The appearance of pathological reflex is a confirmation of pyramidal tract damage, indicating that the pyramidal tract has lost its inhibitory function on the brainstem and spinal cord. Infants and young children within 1 year and a half can develop the above-mentioned reflection phenomenon due to the fact that the pyramidal beam has not been fully developed, and it is symmetrical on many sides. If the above phenomenon occurs in adults, it is pathological reflex. Common clinical examination methods for pathological reflex examination include Babinski, Oppenheim, Gordon, and Chaddock. Basic Information Specialist classification: neurological examination classification: neuroelectrophysiology Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Reminder: The patient is completely relaxed before the examination, so as not to affect the examination results. Normal value When normal, it can cause the toe to bend. Clinical significance Abnormal results of the dorsiflexion of the big toe, and the remaining toe fan-shaped dispersal indicates that the pyramidal bundle is damaged. People in need of examination: Patients suspected of having damage to the pyramidal tract. Precautions Taboo before inspection: 1. Before the examiner checks, the patient should be completely relaxed to avoid affecting the test results. 2. Prepare a blunt object to swipe the patient's skin before the test. Requirements for inspection: 1. When the examiner uses a blunt object to stroke the skin of the patient's sole or leg, the intensity should be moderate. 2. When the examiner presses the patient's toes or legs by hand, it is not necessary to use too much force to prevent the patient's toes or legs from being crushed. Inspection process 1. Babinski sign: The inspection method is the same as the reflection. The positive manifestation was the dorsiflexion of the big toe, and the remaining four toes were fanned out. 2. Auburnham sign: The examiner used the thumb and the two fingers to press down from the front to the anterior border of the patient's tibia, and the positive performance was the same as the Babinski sign. 3. Gordon's sign: Place the thumb and other four fingers on the gastrocnemius muscle, and then squeeze it with moderate force. The positive performance is the same as Babinski's sign. 4. Chadock sign: Use a blunt-headed bamboo stick to move forward in the direction of the outer chin and then to the inflammation of the toe joint. Positive performance with Babins sign. The above four test methods are different, but the positive results are the same as the clinical significance. Under normal circumstances, the Babinski sign is more likely to be induced in the case of pyramidal disease, but the other ones should be tested to assist in the diagnosis when the performance is suspicious. 5. Hoffman sign: The examiner holds the patient's wrist above with the left hand, holds the middle finger of the patient with the right middle finger and finger, lifts it slightly, makes the wrist in a slight overextension position, and then quickly wipes the patient with the thumb. The nail of the middle finger, this sign is the upper limb pyramidal sign, but generally more common in cervical spinal cord lesions. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate population: Patients with lower limbs, illness, or injury. Adverse reactions and risks Nothing.