gastroscopy

Gastroscopic examination can directly observe the true condition of the site to be examined, and can further confirm the diagnosis by pathological biopsy and cytological examination of the suspected lesion, which is the first choice for upper gastrointestinal lesions. Change to eat digestible diet 1 day before the test, fasting and banned water for 8 hours before the examination. Those who have confirmed gastric stagnation will change their fluids two days before the examination, and follow the doctor's advice to lavage the stomach first, in order to empty the stomach contents. Make the field of vision clear during microscopy. Basic Information Specialist classification: Digestive examination classification: endoscope Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Tips: Change to a digestible diet 1 day before the test, fasting and forbidden water for 8 hours before the test. Remove the dentures before the inspection of the dentures. Normal value No abnormalities. Clinical significance Abnormal results: (1) Esophagitis: Esophagitis is generally classified into mild, moderate, and severe types under endoscopy. (2) esophageal ulcer: erosion refers to epithelial tissue defects in the esophageal mucosa. If the lesion reaches the submucosa and the muscularis propria, it is called ulcer. (3) Esophageal varices: Esophageal varices are blue or cyan under endoscopy, and the shape is serpentine or hemispherical, distributed along the long axis of the esophagus. (4) Esophageal cancer. (5) Gastric ulcer: The basic form of gastric ulcer is characterized by mucosal defects, white moss on the bottom of the ulcer, inflammatory reaction such as edema and congestion at the edge, and mucosal wrinkles concentrated to the ulcer. (6) Gastric cancer: It can detect early gastric cancer on the one hand, and can identify benign and malignant ulcers at the same time. It can also determine the type of gastric cancer and can track precancerous lesions. (7) duodenitis: visible endoscopic mucosal congestion, edema, rough, spotted hemorrhage, stasis or ecchymosis, spotted or patchy erosion, visible blood vessels in the mucosa or thick wrinkles and Nodule. Need to check the crowd: various lesions in the stomach and some patients with esophageal diseases. Precautions Before the examination, the taboo should be changed to a digestible diet one day before the examination. The food is forbidden for 8 hours before the examination. Those who have confirmed the stomach retention will change to the liquid two days before the examination, and the stomach will be sterilized in the evening. The contents of the stomach make the field of vision clear during microscopy. Taboo when checking: 1. Explain that the effect of atropine injection 30 minutes before surgery is to reduce digestive tract secretions. 2. Remove the dentures before the inspection of the dentures. 3. Go to the examination room on time according to the appointment time, and empty the urine before surgery. 4. The patient should not do excessive swallowing during operation to prevent saliva from inhaling the airway and causing pain in the throat. 5. Explain to the patient the purpose of the gastroscopy, encourage the patient to establish confidence, not to be nervous, and cooperate with the doctor to successfully complete the examination. Inspection process Gastroscopic examination is the use of a slender tube wrapped with black plastic with a diameter of about one centimeter. The front end is equipped with an endoscope that extends from the mouth into the esophagus of the subject → stomach → duodenum, by the light source The strong light emitted, the light can be turned through the light guiding fiber, allowing the doctor to clearly observe the health of various parts of the upper digestive tract from the other end. Not suitable for the crowd Unsuitable for the crowd: severe heart and lung disease (arrhythmia, heart failure, myocardial infarction, respiratory insufficiency, asthma attacks). Shock, coma and other critical conditions. Unconsciousness and mental disorder. Acute perforation of the upper digestive tract. Severe throat disease, corrosive esophagitis, gastritis, aortic aneurysm, severe neck and chest deformity. Sustained examination of acute infectious hepatitis or gastrointestinal infectious diseases. Adverse reactions and risks (1) pharyngeal infection: pharyngeal lesions, secondary infection due to pharyngeal injury, and even pharyngeal cellulitis or posterior pharyngeal abscess. Rest and antibiotic treatment should be given. (2) esophageal perforation: for serious or even fatal complications, especially in patients with mediastinal inflammation, antibiotic treatment, surgical suture or drainage treatment. (3) gastric perforation: not as serious as perforation of the esophagus, antibiotics and surgical suture treatment. (4) Bleeding: due to mucosal damage or biopsy, the tissue is too deep and excessive tearing. When the amount of bleeding is small, it can stop itself; if there is too much bleeding, endoscopic hemostasis should be performed. (5) Cardiovascular accident: may be caused by vagus nerve reflex, there are individual cases of cardiac arrest. According to the heart condition at that time, it should be treated accordingly, including oxygen, antiarrhythmic drugs, and resuscitation. (6) Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint: When the patient is disgusted by forcefully biting the dental pad, it is prone to dislocation due to abnormal movement of the temporomandibular joint.