Angiography

Angiography refers to the introduction of a contrast agent into a target blood vessel to visualize the blood vessel of interest for diagnostic purposes. Current angiography usually refers to digital subtraction angiography, which refers to the technique of using computer to process digitized image information to eliminate bone and soft tissue images and make blood vessels clear. Nuldelman obtained the first DSA image in 1977 and has been widely used in clinical practice, replacing the older generation of non-subtractive angiography methods. Basic Information Specialist classification: cardiovascular examination classification: endoscope Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: fasting for 6 hours before the test, for 4 hours, to prevent vomiting during surgery. Normal value A photographic technique that eliminates images of bone and soft tissue on an angiogram by a computer and highlights the blood vessel only on the image. It is recognized by the medical community that this test is the "gold standard" for all vascular disease tests. It can not only clearly and clearly understand the image lesions, but also understand the intravascular blood flow, blood vessel wall and other conditions during the angiography process, and comprehensively judge the vascular structure and function changes. The use of a developer can make the vascular image clearer and reveal tiny lesions that are covered by the bone structure, providing a reliable basis for diagnosis and treatment. Clinical significance Angiography can show the morphological changes of the blood vessels themselves, such as dilatation, deformity, stenosis, stenosis, infarction, hemorrhage, etc., and can determine the presence or absence of occupation according to the change of blood vessel position. It is an advanced diagnosis and treatment method for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The gold standard for the diagnosis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Indications: 1, intracranial and cervical vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, embolism, stenosis, occlusive disease, arterial disease, arteriovenous malformation, aortic aneurysm morphology, arteriovenous fistula, etc., its diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and The correctness is as high as 95-100%. Intracranial space-occupying lesions, such as intracranial tumors, abscesses, cysts, hematomas, and various extracerebral hematomas caused by craniocerebral trauma. 2. Examination of the abdominal vascular system. The main main branches of the abdominal aorta, such as the renal artery, celiac artery and branch, superior mesenteric artery and inferior artery, are well displayed in DSA examination. In the presence of abdominal artery stenosis, especially in severe arteriosclerotic stenosis, it is difficult to use arterial cannulation, and DSA can show its superiority. At present, the most widely used DSA examination of abdominal blood vessels is liver and kidney arteriography. 3, the examination of the extremity vascular system, DSA can diagnose the stenosis and occlusion of the arteries and trunk branches of the extremities, aneurysms, arterial malformations. 4, the application of interventional radiology, in the interventional radiology using DSA guide tube method, can display the catheter or guide wire in the blood vessel in real time, and clearly observe its relationship with blood vessels, make its head and heart The positioning is more accurate, thus accelerating the operation of selective or superselective intubation, and also contributes to various interventional procedures, such as embolization of hemorrhagic lesions and malformed blood vessels, embolization of tumor blood vessels or local injection of chemical drugs, The balloon catheter performs endoscopic angioplasty or the like on a narrow blood vessel. Precautions Before the test: fasting for 6 hours, ban drinking for 4 hours to prevent vomiting during surgery; urinating and defecating 10 minutes before surgery. During the examination: take the supine position, the patient must remain stationary during the angiography, otherwise it will affect the sharpness of the imaging. After the examination: Absolute bed rest for 24 hours, the limbs should be stretched and braked for 12 hours, 24 hours to defecate in the bed, when the body is turned over, the hip is lying flat, coughing, and the wound should be pressed by hand when defecation. Inspection process In order for the inspection to be completed under optimal hygienic conditions, you must be located next to the inspection bed and place a disinfection sheet on the inspection bed. Nurses and doctors must be present throughout the inspection. A small needle is inserted into the artery after local anesthesia in the groin. The guide wire is inserted into the blood vessel through a fine needle. The purpose of the guidewire is to direct the synthetic catheter to the desired location under exposure. Blood vessels from different organs can be displayed by injecting a contrast agent containing iodine using a catheter. After taking out the catheter, use a bandage and a dressing to compress the puncture site to stop bleeding. Not suitable for the crowd Those who are allergic to contrast agents, severe hypertension and uncontrolled diabetes, severe liver and kidney dysfunction and obvious coagulopathy, recent myocardial infarction and severe myocardial disease, heart failure and arrhythmia, hyperthyroidism, etc. Adverse reactions and risks It is a certain trauma to blood vessels.