Frontal and lateral head radiograph

The positive lateral slice of the skull is an X-ray film of the skull for observing the presence or absence of abnormalities in the body, and has a suggestive effect on various diseases. X-rays have a certain amount of radiation and need to be mentally prepared. X-ray examination is required for treatment diagnosis, and lead protection products should be worn. Protect the non-illuminated parts, especially the areas sensitive to X-ray reactions such as gonads and thyroids, and wear protective equipment. Basic Information Specialist classification: growth and development check classification: X-ray Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: X-rays have a certain amount of radiation and need to be mentally prepared. Normal value The standard anterior and posterior images overlap the rock and the eyelids. The sagittal suture should be in a straight line perpendicular to the sphenoid ridge, which is in the middle of the skull. Clinical significance Abnormal results: 1 The head size and shape of the skull caused by congenital development and acquired factors. The enlargement of the child's head can be seen in various hydrocephalus signs, rickets in children, and chronic subdural hematoma in infants. Adult head enlargement is more common in pituitary eosinophilic adenomas, often accompanied by other features of the disease such as enlargement of the sella, enlargement of the paranasal sinus, thickening of the skull, hypertrophy of the occipital plexus, and mandibular protrusion. The narrowness of the skull is more common in brain development disorders, narrow cranial disease and so on. Due to the different cranial sutures involved, various skull deformities can be formed, such as a boat head, a pointed head, a short head, and a head. 2 intracranial pressure increased. Cranial suture splitting and cardia widening are manifestations of increased intracranial pressure in young children and children. Increased intracranial pressure in adults causes bone resorption and enlargement of the sella. Bone changes begin in the posterior nucleus and saddleback, manifesting as obscuration of osteoporosis. When further aggravated, the saddle bottom is also atrophied and absorbed, and the saddle back and posterior bed protrusions can be completely destroyed and disappeared. The saddle enlargement is similar to the change caused by the saddle tumor, but the saddle back is not erected backward, the anterior bed and saddle nodule The shape remains normal. 3 intracranial pathological calcification. Pathological calcifications can occur in cerebral parasitic diseases, meningeal and brain tuberculosis, brain tumors, and certain degenerative brain lesions (nodular sclerosis). 4 localized bone destruction and hyperplasia. Destruction of the skull common open brain injury, congenital skull fracture, multiple neurofibromatosis, intracranial epithelioid cyst, post-cranial surgery and some osteolytic skull lesions, such as skull tuberculosis, inflammation, metastasis Tumor and granuloma, etc. Localized thickening of the skull is seen in skull tumors, poor fibrous structure of the skull, and certain osteogenic tumors, such as skull hemangioma and skull osteosarcoma. 5 deformity of the cranial and cervical junction. Such as flat skull base, skull base depression, odontoid height is more than 3mm above the occipital line. People who need to be examined: people with abnormal pain in the brain, people with dizziness and head deformities. Precautions Taboo before inspection: X-rays have certain radiation and need to be mentally prepared. X-ray examination is required for treatment diagnosis, and lead protection products should be worn. Protect the non-illuminated parts, especially the areas sensitive to X-ray reactions such as gonads and thyroids, and wear protective equipment. Requirements for inspection: Obey the doctor's instructions to check. When the X-ray machine is in working condition, the warning indicator on the radiation chamber door will be on. At this time, the patient will wait outside the protective door and do not wait for the film in the inspection room. If the patient does not need special care, the family should not enter the examination room to accompany them to reduce unnecessary radiation. Inspection process Preparation before photography: No special preparation is required for the skull, chest, limbs, etc. When photographing the abdomen, lower spine, pelvis, and urinary tract, the contents of the intestine must be removed, otherwise the diagnosis will be affected. Photography steps: Carefully check the patient's name, gender, age, and location. Select the appropriate size of the cassette according to the inspection site. Place the number, date, and left and right markers. The choice of grids, where the thickness is generally more than 12 cm, requires a grid. Remove clothing or substances that affect X-ray penetration, such as hairpins, ornaments, ointments, and dressings (as appropriate). Select the appropriate exposure conditions, focus size, kilovolts, milliamps, time, focus - slice distance. The part of the photography related to breathing (such as the chest and abdomen) should be trained to exhale, inhale, and hold your breath. Position the position, measure the center line, and start the machine exposure. Recording conditions are recorded after the photography is completed. Not suitable for the crowd Pregnant women, teenagers. Adverse reactions and risks No complications.