Abdominal X-ray

Abdominal fluoroscopy can be used to observe metal abdomen, fetal position and morphology, and X-ray foreign bodies. It is most commonly used to observe certain acute abdomen, hematuria or abdominal masses. In general, patients with acute abdomen often use abdominal fluoroscopy, and if necessary, take a flat abdominal film for further observation. Enter the X-ray examination room and follow the doctor's instructions to stand before the X-ray instrument and close the eye to receive X-ray. Basic Information Specialist classification: Digestive examination classification: X-ray Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Reminder: The dinner on the day before the inspection should be based on light and slag-free food, and fasted for one night after eating. Normal value Check for abnormal lumps and areas. Clinical significance Abnormal results: (1) The most common abnormal gas outside the intestine is the free gas under the armpit, which is mostly caused by perforation of the stomach or duodenal ulcer. Tumors, inflammation, trauma, etc. can also cause perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. Most gastrointestinal perforations produce typical pneumoper X-rays due to free air in the abdominal cavity, but in a few cases there is no X-ray manifestation of pneumoperitoneum. It has been experimentally proven that 1 ml of free gas in the abdominal cavity may be displayed on the X-ray, but this is related to some conditions and cannot be seen on the X-ray under any conditions. If necessary, take a horizontal projection of the abdomen on the right side. Be careful not to mistake the meta-colon and sputum as pneumoperitoneum. In addition, some abdominal abscesses, large penetrating ulcers, etc. can also cause limited extraintestinal gas shadows. (2) Abnormal gas distribution in the intestinal tract and liquid deposition. Pay attention to the abnormal flatulence and gas-liquid surface of the intestinal tract, which is of great significance in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of intestinal obstruction. In the case of mechanical intestinal obstruction, the intestinal tube above the obstruction site has flatulence and a stepped gas-liquid surface; when paralyzed intestinal obstruction, it can be inflated from the stomach to the large intestine. Some of the reflex intestinal tract caused by inflammation of the abdominal organs involve the intestinal tract near the lesion. In the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction, attention should also be paid to the signs of strangulation. (3) The outline, size and position of the liver, spleen and kidney. The obvious increase of liver and spleen is often displayed on the plain film of the abdomen. Liver enlargement can be seen in malignant tumors, hydatid, cysts and cavernous hemangioma. The spleen is seen in portal hypertension, malignant lymphoma, reticulum sarcoma. In addition to the enlargement of the kidney (see hydronephrosis, cysts, tumors, etc.), it can also be reduced (such as atrophic kidney). Patients with renal ptosis have lower kidney position and greater mobility. Liver, spleen, kidney trauma, etc. can be expressed as a blurred outline, and inflammation around the kidney can also be manifested. (4) changes in the waist muscles in addition to the common lumbar tuberculosis can cause widening of the waist muscles, the disappearance of the waist muscles can be seen in the peri-renal abscess, kidney malignant tumors (some people complained that 50% of the waist muscles disappeared) , posterior peritoneal tumors, etc. (5) With or without a general increase in density or abnormal mass, a large amount of ascites can increase the density of the abdomen uniformly. If the free gas in the abdominal cavity can show an atmospheric level. However, large ovarian cysts can also have similar performance, and attention should be paid to identification. Abnormal lumps appear to be limited in density and sometimes visible at their edges. (6) The most common abdominal calcification with or without abnormal calcification includes urinary calculi, abdominal lymph node calcification, and gallstones. Some lesions have certain characteristics of calcification. For example, some kidney stones appear as staghorn calcification in the renal pelvis area, and bladder stones can form a layered circular or elliptical calcification. Lymph node calcification can be expressed as irregular spots with irregularly shaped irregularities. Teratoma can be seen. Teeth and bone shadows. It has been suggested that according to the analysis of anatomical parts, the calcification of the liver can be seen in the echinococcosis and cavernous hemangioma (circular calcification); the calcification of the spleen can be seen in the spleen aneurysm, venous thrombosis and tuberculosis; the calcification of the kidney can be seen in Calculus, cysts (3%), malignant tumors (21%), tuberculosis; calcification of the adrenal gland can be seen in pseudocysts, hydatid cysts, lymphangioma (about 16%, calcification is round), Addison Disease (25% visible calcification); calcification of the pancreas can be seen in inflammation (30-50% with stones), cysts (which can be circular calcification), Langhans Island adenoma (which can be egg-shell calcification); Peritoneal calcification can be seen in teratoma and tuberculosis; calcification of the stomach can be seen in leiomyomas (4% calcification); calcification of the gallbladder is seen in stones; calcification of the peritoneal cavity can be seen in lymph node tuberculosis, omental calcification and stone fetus Calcification of small pelvic cavity can be seen in uterine fibroids, ovarian tumors, accessory tuberculosis, etc., and prostate stones can also be calcified. (7) The disappearance of the extraperitoneal fat layer in the abdominal wall can be seen in peritonitis, but only when the photo quality is good. (8) Skeletal abnormalities Some diseases of the abdominal organs are closely related to the skeletal system. For example, kidney tuberculosis can be combined with spinal tuberculosis, and visceral malignant tumors can cause bone metastasis. Some urinary stones are a systemic metabolic disease. Performance, and thus can be combined with bone changes (such as hyperparathyroidism). (9) Whether there is any abnormality in the position, activity and contour of the cross. People who need to be examined have abnormal pain in their abdomen. Precautions Taboo before inspection: fasting and water ban. The dinner on the day before the inspection should be based on light and slag-free food, and fasted for one night after eating. On the morning of the inspection, breakfast and water should be banned to ensure that the morning is checked on an empty stomach. Oral inflated tablets 1-2 days before the examination have a certain effect on the elimination of intestinal gas. Requirements for inspection: Check your relaxation and follow the doctor's instructions. Inspection process Enter the X-ray examination room and follow the doctor's instructions to stand before the X-ray instrument and close the eye to receive X-ray. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate crowd: pregnant women. Adverse reactions and risks Nothing.