Limb and joint motor function

Limb and joint motor function tests mainly observe the posture, range and whether it causes pain during activities. The limbs and joints are usually checked for passive activities. For suspected neuromuscular diseases, both active and passive activities must be checked. There are generally three methods for measuring the angle of joint movement. The simplest one is visual inspection. The more accurate is the measurement of the angle of use. It is more accurate to measure with X-ray, but the latter is not commonly used. Basic Information Specialist classification: growth and development check classification: physical examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: no Above normal: negative: The joints function normally, can move normally, and there is no abnormal pain. Positive: 1. Loss of voluntary motor function is divided into: (1) hemiplegia: loss of voluntary movement of one limb, accompanied by ipsilateral central facial paralysis and tongue. Found in cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral arterial thrombosis, cerebral embolism, subarachnoid hemorrhage, brain tumors, etc. (2) Single sputum: loss of voluntary movement of a single limb. Found in polio. (3) Paraplegia: mostly loss of voluntary movement of the lower limbs, which is the result of transverse injury of the spinal cord. Found in spinal cord trauma, myelitis, spinal tuberculosis. (4) Cross-cut: It is the ipsilateral peripheral cranial nerve palsy caused by one side of the brain nerve damage and the central hemiplegia of the contralateral limb. 2, involuntary movement (1) tremor: a group of antagonistic muscles caused by alternating contraction of a limb swing movement. Divided into resting tremor (see tremor paralysis) and intentional tremor (the closer the target tremor is more obvious, more common in elderly patients with arteriosclerosis). (2) Hand and foot spasm: The muscles of the hands and feet are tense when the attack occurs. The upper limbs are characterized by wrist flexion, finger extension, flexion of the palmar joint, thumb adduction close to the palm and opposite to the little finger, forming a midwife hand and a lower extremity ankle. Both the toe joints are flexed. The mechanism of occurrence is a decrease in free calcium levels in the blood, which is seen in hypocalcemia and alkalosis. Tips: The technique is gentle, avoiding muscle tension and affecting the results of the examination. Normal value The joints function normally, can move normally, and there is no abnormal pain. Clinical significance Abnormal result 1. The loss of random motor function is divided into: (1) Hemiplegia: loss of voluntary movement of one limb, accompanied by ipsilateral central facial paralysis and tongue. Found in cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral arterial thrombosis, cerebral embolism, subarachnoid hemorrhage, brain tumors, etc. (2) Single sputum: loss of voluntary movement of a single limb. Found in polio. (3) Paraplegia: mostly loss of voluntary movement of the lower limbs, which is the result of transverse injury of the spinal cord. Found in spinal cord trauma, myelitis, spinal tuberculosis. (4) Cross-cut: It is the ipsilateral peripheral cranial nerve palsy caused by one side of the brain nerve damage and the central hemiplegia of the contralateral limb. 2, do not exercise freely (1) Tremor: a swinging motion of the limb caused by alternating contraction of antagonistic muscles. Divided into resting tremor (see tremor paralysis) and intentional tremor (the closer the target tremor is more obvious, more common in elderly patients with arteriosclerosis). (2) Hand and foot spasm: The muscles of the hands and feet are tense when the attack occurs. The upper limbs are characterized by wrist flexion, finger extension, flexion of the palmar joint, thumb adduction close to the palm and opposite to the little finger, forming a midwife hand and a lower extremity ankle. Both the toe joints are flexed. The mechanism of occurrence is a decrease in free calcium levels in the blood, which is seen in hypocalcemia and alkalosis. People who need to be examined: people with abnormal pain in the joints. Precautions Taboo before inspection: no special contraindications. Requirements for inspection: Check your relaxation and follow the doctor's instructions. Inspection process There are generally three methods for measuring the angle of joint movement. The simplest one is visual inspection. The more accurate one is the angle measurement. More accurate is the X-ray photo measurement, but the latter is not commonly used. The specific steps are as follows: First determine the measurement axis of each limb that is adjacent, and the axis is invariant when active. The axis of the angular orbit should conform to the axis of the joint or correctly draw the projection line to the latter. Determine the measured motion plane and measure it by conventionally selectable position, vector and lateral position. Let the examinee move its joints and record the joint angle of the joint. There are two specific methods. One is the neutral position 0 degree method: first determine the neutral position of each joint, and calculate the neutral position as 0 degrees. The neutral position must be Fixed. For example, the elbow joint has a neutral position of 0 degrees when it is stretched and 140 degrees when it is fully flexed. The other is the method of forming the adjacent limbs: it is calculated by the angle formed when the two adjacent limbs of the angle are displaced from each other. For example, when the elbow is fully flexed, the forearm and the upper arm can be at an angle of 40 degrees, and when the elbow is extended, the angle can be 180 degrees. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate crowd: None. Adverse reactions and risks Nothing.