Indirect nasopharyngoscopy

Indirect nasopharyngoscopy, also known as posterior nasal examination, is seen in the mirror opposite to the physical position, so it is called indirect nasopharyngoscopy, used to check the nasopharyngeal and posterior nares. The shape of the indirect nasopharyngoscope is similar to that of the small indirect laryngoscope. Basic Information Specialist Category: Otolaryngology Examination Category: Other Inspections Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: no Above normal: negative: There are no congestion, roughness, bleeding, infiltration, ulcers, new organisms, etc. in the mucous membranes. Positive: Abnormal results Mucosal color abnormalities, congestion, roughness, scars, swelling and other phenomena. Tips: For patients with mental stress, it should be stated that you should breathe quietly during the examination, or practice breathing through the mouth to make the soft palate droop, widen the nasopharyngeal gorge, and easy to check. Normal value There are no congestion, roughness, bleeding, infiltration, ulcers, new organisms, etc. in the mucous membranes. Clinical significance Abnormal results: abnormal mucosal color, congestion, roughness, scarring, swelling and other phenomena. People in need of examination: patients with nasopharyngeal lesions. Positive results may be diseases: nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, congenital nasopharynx stenosis and atresia, chronic laryngitis, pediatric acute laryngitis, pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy, chronic tonsillitis, pharyngeal leprosy, pharyngeal scar stenosis Taboo before inspection: Pay attention to the movements to be light and avoid rough operation. During the examination, the patient should have a moderate mouth opening, press the tongue with the tongue on the left, and put the mirror into the soft palate through the oral cavity, so that the mirror surface faces the nasopharynx to observe the posterior nostril. For patients with mental stress, it should be stated that you should breathe quietly during the examination, or practice breathing through the mouth to make the soft palate droop, widen the nasopharyngeal gorge, and easy to check. During nasopharyngoscopy, avoid touching the posterior pharyngeal wall, and the movement should be light enough to avoid pharyngeal reflex. Patients with pharyngeal reflexes may use an injection of cocaine or tetracaine solution to anesthetize the pharyngeal cavity and wait a few minutes before checking. The soft palate can also be pulled forward with a soft-twist or rubber tube to enlarge the nasopharyngeal cavity for observation. Inspection process At the time of the examination, the subject sat straight, his head was right, and he naturally opened his mouth but did not stretch his tongue. He breathed quietly with his nose. The nasopharyngeal mirror is slightly warmed on the alcohol lamp to avoid fogging on the mirror surface. First, the mirror back is tested on the back of the examiner's hand, and it is suitable to warm and not heat, and then the reflected light of the frontal mirror is irradiated to the posterior pharyngeal wall. The left hand-held tongue depressor presses the front 2/3 of the tongue, and the right hand sends the nasopharyngoscope from the left side of the mouth (the mirror side up) between the soft palate and the posterior wall of the pharynx in a pen position to avoid touching the pharyngeal wall and the tongue root. Causes nausea and affects the examination. After placement, the mirror is tilted to 45°. At this time, a part of the posterior nasal orifice is reflected in the mirror. The posterior margin of the nasal septum is first found, that is, the other parts are examined separately. Because the mirror is too small, it can't reflect the whole situation of the nasopharynx and the posterior nasal cavity. It is necessary to rotate the mirror properly to get all the images. What is seen in the mirror is opposite to the physical position. When the mirror is facing up and forward, the back of the soft palate, the posterior margin of the septum, the posterior nares, the nasal passages and the posterior segment of the turbinate can be seen; the mirror surface is moved to the left and right, and the structure of the eustachian tube and its surrounding structures can be seen; the mirror surface moves horizontally. The nasopharynx and adenoids can be observed. During the examination, attention should be paid to the presence or absence of congestion, roughness, bleeding, infiltration, ulcers, new organisms, etc. in the mucosa. Not suitable for the crowd There are no special taboos. Adverse reactions and risks Nothing.