gynecological examination

Gynecological examination is a comprehensive examination of women, which can prevent and timely diagnose and treat diseases. Gynecological examinations mainly include general examination, abdominal examination and pelvic examination. Check the vulva, vagina, cervix and uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and parametrial tissues and the pelvic wall. Whole body examinations include measuring body temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and measuring height and weight if necessary. Basic Information Specialist classification: gynecological examination classification: physical examination Applicable gender: whether women are fasting: not fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: no Above normal: negative: Negative gynecological examinations show that the inspected person is in good health without any gynaecological diseases. Positive: A positive test item indicates that the subject has a disease at the corresponding part of the item, and the specific disease degree is analyzed by an examination report. Tips: It is not suitable for women who are in the menstrual period 1 week before menstruation. Normal value Normal vulva, pubic hair is tip-down, triangular distribution, pigmentation of the labia majora, red labia minora, no ulceration of the perineum, dermatitis, sputum and hypopigmentation, clitoris length <2.5cm, pale pink around the urethral orifice, flawless biological. The color of the vaginal mucosa is pale, with wrinkles, no ulcers, sputum, cysts, vaginal septum and double vagina and other congenital malformations. Normal vaginal secretions are egg white or white paste, no odor, less amount, but increased during ovulation and pregnancy. Normal cervix around the ridge, with holes in the middle. The unborn woman has a round shape, and the maternal woman has a "one" shape, which is tough, meaty, and smooth. If the test is normal, it means light, quality, no itching and so on. The normal uterus is inverted pear shape, 7 to 8 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide, and 2 to 3 cm thick. Most of them have a forward anterior flexion position, medium hardness and good mobility. Clinical significance Abnormal results: Internal diagnosis: For women with sexual experience, the obstetrician will use the internal diagnosis, that is, the female patient is lying on the examination table, the underwear must be taken off, and then the foot is placed on a specific bracket, and the doctor reuses Gently insert the index finger and middle finger into your vagina, touch the cervix, and use the other hand to press the abdomen to check whether the uterus is enlarged or not, or whether the fallopian tube or ovary is swollen or tumor. The phenomenon. This step is more suitable for people who have already had sexual experience. If there is no sexual experience, the doctor will generally not do it because of the scruples of the hymen. Leucorrhea routine: The general leucorrhea routine test list has the following six test items: 1. After pH puberty, due to the stimulation of ovarian sex hormones, the mucosal epithelial cells are rich in animal starch, which becomes lactic acid after decomposition by vaginal bacteria, so that the vaginal secretions are weakly acidic, which can prevent pathogenic bacteria from propagating in the vagina. This is the self-cleaning effect of the vagina. The pH value is usually used to indicate the pH, and the pH is 4.5 at normal. The pH of the leucorrhea rises when it is trichomoniasis or bacterial vaginitis, which can be greater than 5-6. 2, vaginal cleanliness can be divided into 4 levels. A large number of vaginal epithelial cells and a large number of vaginal bacilli were seen under a degree microscope. Under the II degree microscope, there are vaginal epithelial cells, a small amount of white blood cells, some vaginal bacilli, and some bacteria or pus cells. A small amount of vaginal bacteria is seen under the third degree microscope, and there are a large number of pus cells and bacteria. No vaginal bacillus was observed under the IV degree microscope, except for a small number of epithelial cells, which were mainly pus cells and bacteria. Note I to II degree is normal, III to IV degree is abnormal leucorrhea, indicating vaginal inflammation. 3. After treatment, the mold and trichomoniae leucorrhea can be found under the microscope according to its morphology. Whether there are trichomoniasis or mold, no matter how many quantities are represented by “+”, the symbol “+” Explain that the woman is infected with trichomoniasis or mold and does not indicate the severity of the infection. 4. Amine test The vaginal discharge of bacterial vaginosis can produce fishy smell, which is caused by the alkalinity of the amine present in the leucorrhea after alkalization by potassium hydroxide. 5, clue cell clue cells refers to bacterial vaginitis patients have many bacilli coagulate at the edge of vaginal epithelial cells, in the hanging drop smear see vaginal epithelial cells at the edge of the granules or dot-like appearance, causing confusion is the clue cell It is the most sensitive and specific sign of bacterial vaginosis. Clinicians can make a diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis based on positive amine test and clue cells. Bacterial culture check: Taking vaginal secretions for smear examination, the results of 20 minutes can detect the pathogenic bacteria of bacterial vaginitis. If there is no mold or trichomoniasis, the cleanliness is 3 degrees or more and needs to be tested. Mycoplasma chlamydia detection: A cervical mucus test can be used to diagnose non-gonococcal vaginitis infected with mycoplasma chlamydia. If you have sex, especially those who have pain in sexual intercourse, those who have bulge in the lower abdomen, and those with more than 2 sexual partners, those who continue to use the drug or do not turn the author repeatedly, cervical erosion, need to be examined. Virgins are generally not infected and do not need to be examined. drug allergy testing: If the diagnosis is non-gonococcal vaginitis, this experiment is very important to choose the appropriate antibiotic, drug sensitivity test S-sensitive, M-middle sensitive, R-resistant. People who need to be examined: genital itching, or burning discomfort, pain in the lower abdomen or lumbosacral region, each time during sexual intercourse, menstruation and defecation. There are also people who are conscious of both lower limb weakness, mouth pain, nausea, yellow urine and other symptoms. Positive results may be diseases: pregnancy with condyloma acuminata, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, pregnancy with uterine fibroids Pre-inspection contraindications: sexual intercourse is prohibited for the first three days of the examination. The examination should be 3-7 days after the menstrual cleansing. The leucorrhea should be checked before surgery, and no vaginitis can be diagnosed before biopsy can be performed. Do vaginal washing for the first three days of gynecology. A few days before the check, pay attention to diet, do not eat too much greasy, not easy to digest food, do not drink alcohol, do not eat drugs that damage the liver and kidney function. Requirements for examination: The site of biopsy may be bleeding, so do not have sexual intercourse within 1 to 2 weeks after the examination, and at least half a month after the biopsy, then avoid the inflammatory infection. Vaginal lavage or bath. When vaginal bleeding is frequent, you should go to the hospital for treatment. Inspection process After the aseptic long cotton was taken, the vaginal discharge of the ankle was a little, and it was placed on a slide containing 1 to 2 drops of physiological saline, and immediately examined under a microscope. The uterine cavity is dilated by expanding the uterine cavity, and the cold light source is introduced into the uterine cavity through the hysteroscope through the fiber guide beam and the lens. The cervical canal, the cervix, the endometrium and the fallopian tube opening are observed under direct vision so as to be intuitive and accurate for the lesion tissue. Take the material and send it for pathological examination. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate people: 1 week before menstruation, menstruating women. Adverse reactions and risks Nothing.