nasal examination

The entire nasal cavity cannot be inspected by the examiner with the naked eye. Nasal examination includes nasal vestibular examination, anterior nasal examination, and indirect nasopharyngoscopy. Requirements during inspection: During the inspection, the head of the subject can be rotated left and right according to the needs of observation, so that the inner and outer walls of the nasal cavity can be observed in detail. Before retracting the mirror, do not close the two leaves of the front nose to avoid pinching the nose hair and causing pain. Basic Information Specialist Category: Otolaryngology Examination Category: Endoscope Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: Pay attention to the movements to be light and avoid rough operation. Normal value There is no swelling, erosion, ulceration, crusting or nasal hair in the nasal vestibular skin. The nasal mucosa is light red, no glandular value-added or residual, and the surface is smooth and moist; if the turbinate is lightly touched, the mucous membrane is soft and elastic, and no secretions accumulate in each nasal passage. Clinical significance Abnormal results: nasal vestibular examination with papules and pain seen in the nasal vestibular carbuncles; if there are cleft palate, scarring, nasal hair spasm, itching and so on. The mucosa is bright red and has a viscous secretion when it is acutely anterior. In chronic inflammation, the mucosa is dark red, the front of the inferior turbinate is sometimes mulberry-like, and the secretion is mucopurulent. The mucosa of allergic rhinitis is pale edema or lavender, and the secretion is watery. Atrophic rhinitis mucosa shrinks, dries, loses normal luster, is covered with purulent sputum, the lower turbinate shrinks, and the middle turbinate occasionally has hypertrophy or polypoid changes. The middle nasal passage is caused by sinus lesions in the anterior group of purulent secretions, and the purulent discharge in the olfactory sulcus is caused by sinus lesions in the posterior group. The normal markers of posterior nasal examination are unclear, the color of the mucosa is abnormal, the gland-like value increases or remains, and there are ulcers, new organisms and secretions. People who need to be examined: patients with nasal diseases, or requirements for doctors to diagnose clinically relevant nasal diseases. Precautions Taboo before inspection: Pay attention to the movements to be light and avoid rough operation. Requirements during inspection: During the inspection, the head of the subject can be rotated left and right according to the needs of observation, so that the inner and outer walls of the nasal cavity can be observed in detail. Before retracting the mirror, do not close the two leaves of the front nose to avoid pinching the nose hair and causing pain. Inspection process 1 nasal vestibular examination method: 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 瞩 鼻 鼻 鼻 鼻 鼻 鼻 鼻 鼻 鼻 鼻 鼻 鼻 鼻Whether the skin is congested, swollen, chapped, ulcerated, swollen, bulging and crusted, with or without nose hair falling off. 2 front nose examination: the examiner holds the nose with one hand and pinches the front nose of the front nose with the thumb and forefinger. The left nose is held by the front nose. The two leaves of the front nose are closed together and extend into the nasal vestibule parallel to the nasal floor. Cross the nose threshold. The right hand supports the head of the subject, and the head position is changed as needed for the examination. Slowly open the mirror leaves and inspect the nasal cavity in turn. First, the subject's head position is slightly lower (first position), and the bottom of the nose, the lower nasal tract, the inferior turbinate, and the lower part of the nasal septum are observed from bottom to top, and then the subject is tilted back by 30° (second position). Check the middle nasal passage, the middle turbinate and the olfactory fissure and the middle part of the nasal septum, and then let the subject tilt back to 60 ° (the third position), observe the upper part of the nasal septum, the nasal dike, the middle turbinate, the medical education, the collection of the rear end, etc. . Pay attention to whether the turbinate has congestion, anemia, swelling, hypertrophy, atrophy, whether there is polyposis in the middle turbinate, whether there are secretions and secretions in the nasal passages and nasal passages, and whether there is deviation, perforation, hemorrhage and varicose veins in the nasal septum. , ulcers are erosive or mucosal hypertrophy, there are no new organisms, foreign bodies, etc. in the nasal cavity. The following turbinate hypertrophy can be checked after contraction with l% ephedrine saline. After the examination is completed, do not close the mirror leaf when removing the front nose to avoid pinching the nose hair. Sometimes the lower turbinate is small, but the color is normal. It can be left in the lower turbinate for about 5 minutes. After the standing, immediately before the nose, the following turbinate volume should be considered as the early inferior turbinate atrophy. . 3 post-nasal examination, see indirect nasopharyngoscopy. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate crowd: None. Adverse reactions and risks There are no related complications and hazards.