Turbines and nasal passages

The bone anatomy of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity has three upper, middle and lower turbinates, and the lower three nasal tissues are called upper, middle and lower nasal passages. The upper turbinate and the middle turbinate are part of the inner wall of the ethmoid. The inferior turbinate is a separate bony structure with the lateral side connected to the maxilla. The nasal passages between the turbinate are the openings of some important sinuses. The maxillary sinus is in the maxilla and opens in the middle nasal passage. The lowest point of the sinus is lower than the opening. The frontal sinus is in the frontal scaly and opens in the middle nasal passage. The ethmoid sinus is the most vacuole in the ethmoid sinus. It is divided into three groups through the nasal cavity. The anterior and middle groups open the middle nasal passage, and the posterior group opens in the upper nasal passage. The sphenoid sinus is located in the sphenoid body and opens in the stencil crypt. Basic Information Specialist Category: Otolaryngology Examination Category: Endoscope Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: Pay attention to local hygiene and cleanliness. Normal value There is no swelling or atrophy of the turbinate and the nasal passage is smooth, and the secretion is normal. Clinical significance Abnormal results: lower inferior turbinate is seen in atrophic rhinitis; lower nasal passage and nasal bottom empyema, middle turbinate swelling, more common in sinusitis. People who need to be examined: patients with rhinitis or sinusitis. Precautions Taboo before inspection: Pay attention to the movements to be light and avoid rough operation. Requirements for examination: The inferior turbinate enlargement is in contact with the nasal septum, and it is difficult to see the nasal passages. It should actively cooperate with the doctor's work. Inspection process Pay attention to the size of the turbinate and the smoothness of the nasal passages, with or without secretions. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate crowd: None. Adverse reactions and risks There are no complications and related hazards.