nasal examination

Nasal examinations include the external nose, nasal cavity, sinus and functional tests. Nasal examination method: 1. External nasal examination to observe whether the external nose is deformed, whether the skin is swollen or defective, whether the color is normal, whether the palpation is tender, thick, hard, and whether the nasal bone has fracture, displacement and bone. fricative. 2. Nasal examination. 3. Sinus examination method. 4. Endoscopy of the nasal cavity and sinus. 5. Nasal imaging examination. Basic Information Specialist classification: otolaryngology examination classification: physical examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: Pay attention to the movements to be light and avoid rough operation. Normal value There is no deformity in the outer nose, mucosal color and secretion are normal, the vestibular skin is not congested, swollen, chapped, ulcerated, swollen, bulging and crusted, no nose hair falling off. There is no redness and swelling in the skin of the sinuses. Endoscopy of the nasal cavity and sinus is normal. Clinical significance Abnormal results: By examining the nose of the human body, it can be determined whether the disease in other parts of the body is caused by nasal diseases. People in need of examination: patients with nasal diseases. Precautions Taboo before inspection: Pay attention to the movements to be light and avoid rough operation. Requirements for inspection: Actively cooperate with the doctor's work. Inspection process Nasal examination: 1. External nasal examination to observe whether the external nose is deformed, whether the skin has swelling or defect, whether the color is normal, whether the palpation is tender, thick, hard, and whether the nasal bone has fracture, displacement and bone rubbing. 2. Nasal examination includes: 1 nasal vestibular examination method, lift the tip of the nose with your fingers, observe whether the nasal vestibular skin is congested, swollen, chapped, ulcerated, swollen, bulging and crusted, with or without nose hair falling off. 2 front nose examination, left hand holding the front nose, first close the two leaves of the anterior nose, parallel to the nasal bottom into the nasal vestibule, can not cross the nasal threshold. The right hand supports the head of the subject, and the head position is changed as needed for the examination. Slowly open the mirror leaves and inspect the nasal cavity in turn. First, the subject's head position is slightly lower (first position), and the bottom of the nose, the lower nasal tract, the inferior turbinate, and the lower part of the nasal septum are observed from bottom to top, and then the subject is tilted back by 30° (second position). Check the middle nasal passage, middle turbinate and olfactory fissure and the middle part of the nasal septum, and then the subject's head is tilted back to 60 ° (third position), and the upper part of the nasal septum, the nasal levee, and the middle turbinate front end are observed. Pay attention to whether the turbinate has congestion, anemia, swelling, hypertrophy, atrophy, whether there is polyposis in the middle turbinate, whether there are secretions and secretions in the nasal passages and nasal passages, and whether there is deviation, perforation, hemorrhage and varicose veins in the nasal septum. , ulcers are erosive or mucosal hypertrophy, there are no new organisms, foreign bodies, etc. in the nasal cavity. The following turbinate hypertrophy can be checked after contraction with l% ephedrine saline. After the examination is completed, do not close the mirror leaf when removing the front nose to avoid pinching the nose hair. 3 post-nasal examination, see indirect nasopharyngoscopy. 3. Sinus examination to observe whether the skin of each sinus is red, swollen, with or without secretions, polyps or new organisms in the middle nasal passages and olfactory fissures, whether the eyeballs have displacement or movement disorder, local pain or tenderness, tenderness, bone A person who absorbs or destroys the mass may have a sense of table tennis or a substantial feeling. In addition, feasible position drainage or maxillary sinus puncture irrigation. 4. Nasal and sinus endoscopy endoscopic endoscope divided into hard tube mirror and fiberscope. The nasal cavity, the opening of the nasopharynx and the sinuses can be clearly observed, and the biopsy and coagulation hemostasis can be taken under direct vision. 5. Common methods of nasal imaging examination are sinus X-ray film, sinus CT, sinus MRI. Sinus CT is a basic auxiliary examination of endoscopic surgery. Coronal or axial scanning can be used to clearly show the nasal cavity and sinus. The anatomical structure has important clinical significance for the diagnosis of nasal and sinus diseases. Sinus MRI has a high resolution for soft tissue and has important clinical significance for the diagnosis of nasal polyps, sinus cysts, and tumors. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate crowd: None. Adverse reactions and risks No relevant information.