serous cavity effusion

Serous effusion refers to the accumulation of excess fluid in the thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity or pericardial cavity (collectively referred to as the serosal cavity) in the case of disease, collectively referred to as serous effusion. General traits are mainly used to distinguish the nature of the effusion. The leakage liquid is generally pale yellow, transparent, and dense. The exudate is mostly in various colors and has a dark color and a high density. Basic Information Specialist classification: Respiratory examination classification: chest and ascites examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Tips: When you are checking, you should cooperate with your doctor to take the serous effusion. Normal value Normal people have no fluid formation. Clinical significance Abnormal result The presence of fluid is a clinical manifestation of the disease. General traits are mainly used to distinguish the nature of the effusion. The leakage liquid is generally pale yellow, transparent, and dense. The exudate is mostly in various colors and has a dark color and a high density. E.g: It is red and is found in tuberculosis, various tumors, and hemophilia. Liver rupture, spleen rupture, etc. Yellow, found in jaundice, pneumococcal infection, staphylococcal infection, E. coli infection, etc.; It is white and is found in filariasis. Tumors, lymphatic blockages, etc.; It is green and is found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) infection. When there is a large amount of cells, bacteria, and fat in the effusion, it is cloudy. Clots can occur when there is a large amount of fibrin. The amount of effusion varies depending on the condition. The higher the protein content in the effusion, the higher the specific gravity. Precautions Before the test: Eliminate tension. At the time of examination: cooperate with the doctor to withdraw the serous effusion. Not suitable for the crowd: no. Inspection process (1) Puncture method to extract serous effusion. (two) microscopy 1. Cell count. The filtrate is less than 300 × 106 / L, and the exudate is generally more than 1000 × 106 / L. 2. Cell classification. (1) Increase in red blood cells: more common in malignant tumors, tuberculosis, puncture injury and other bleeding diseases. (2) Increased neutrophils: seen in suppurative inflammation, early tuberculous serositis. (3) Increase in lymphocytes: seen in chronic inflammation, viral or tuberculosis infections, and connective tissue diseases and other exudates. (4) increased eosinophils: more common in allergic and parasitic diseases caused by exudate, other such as empyema, pulmonary infarction, congestive heart failure, systemic lupus erythematosus, Hodgkin's disease, mesothelioma Etc., can also be seen in multiple puncture stimulation. (5) Increased tissue cells: inflammation often occurs with neutrophils, also seen in congestion, malignant tumors and so on. (6) Increased mesothelial cells: seen in the serosa damaged or stimulated, such as various inflammations, congestion or malignant tumors (7) Increase of plasma cells: A small amount of plasma cells in pleural fluid has no clinical significance, and patients with proliferative myeloma can appear in large numbers. 3. Crystallization. Fatty degeneration, cholesterol pleurisy can be seen in cholesterol crystals. Hemosiderin can be seen in the effusion after serosal bleeding. 4. Bacteria. Bacteria can be found by Gram staining or acid-fast staining. Sulfur granule-like hyphae, spores, etc. can be found in the pleural fluid caused by fungi. Bacterial culture can be done if necessary. Not suitable for the crowd People who need to be tested have effusion formation, and those without indications should not be tested. Adverse reactions and risks 1. Infection: Pay attention to aseptic operation when puncture, pay attention to local cleaning after puncture, prevent water pollution and avoid infection. 2, bleeding: puncture needle damage to local blood vessels or tissue caused by local bleeding, should try to avoid puncture too deep.