kidney function test

Renal function tests are an auxiliary test used to check if urination is normal. Renal function tests include serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, blood and urine β2-microglobulin, urinary albumin, urinary immunoglobulin G, and urinary secretory immunoglobulin A. The kidney is not only a urinary organ, but also an endocrine organ that plays an important physiological role in the whole body and in the kidney. Basic Information Specialist classification: urinary examination classification: urine / kidney function test Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Included items: blood urea nitrogen (BUN), selectin index (SPI), β2-microglobulin clearance test, urinary phenol red excretion test (PSP), endogenous creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio, serum creatinine ( Cr, Crea, urinary nitrite (NIT), urea clearance (UCL), uric acid, urinary creatinine (Ucr), urine protein Tips: Maintain regular routines and diet to help the examination proceed smoothly. Normal value 1, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Reference value normal conditions Diacetyl-hydrazine colorimetric method 1.8 ~ 6.8mmol / L urease - sodium chromogenic method 3.2 ~ 6.1mmol / L. 2, serum creatinine (Scr) Reference values ​​were normal in adults: male 79.6 ~ 132.6 μmol / L, female 70.7 ~ 106.1 μmol / L, children 26.5 ~ 62.0 μmol / L, whole blood 88.4 ~ 159.1 μmol / L. 3, blood urea The reference value is normally 3.2 to 7.0 mmol/L. 4, blood uric acid Reference value normal conditions Adult: male 149 ~ 417μmol / L, female 89 ~ 357μmol / L, > 60 years old: male 250 ~ 476μmol / L, female 190 ~ 434μmol / L. 5, urine creatinine (Cr) Reference value normal conditions infants 88 ~ 176μmmol? kg-1 / d children 44 ~ 352μmol? kg-1 / d adults 7 ~ 8mmol / d. 6, urine protein The reference value is qualitatively negative in normal condition. 7, selective proteinuria index (SPI) The reference value is normal. SPI<0.1 indicates that the selectivity is good. SPI0.1~0.2 indicates selectivity. 8, β2-microglobulin clearance test The reference value is normally 23 to 62 μl/min. 9, urea clearance rate Reference value normal condition standard removal value 0.7 ~ 1.1ml? s-1 / 1.73m2 (0.39 ~ 0.63ml? s-1 / m2) maximum clearance value 1.0 ~ 1.6ml? s-1 / 1.73m2 (0.58 ~ 0.91ml? S-1/m2). 10, blood creatinine clearance rate Reference value normal conditions Plasma in general adults 0.80 ~ 1.20ml? s-1 / m2 urine adult male 0.45 ~ 1.32ml? s-1 / m2 female 0.85 ~ 1.29ml? s-1 / m250 years old, down 0.006 per year Ml?s-1/m2. 11, urea nitrogen / creatinine ratio (BUN) The reference value is normal 12:1~20:1. 12, phenol red (phenol sulfonate) excretion test (PSP) The reference value is normally 15 min 0.25 to 0.51 (0.53), 30 min 0.13 to 0.24 (0.17), 60 min 0.09 to 0.17 (0.12), 120 min 0.03 to 0.10 (0.06), and the total amount of 120 min is 0.63 to 0.84 (0.70). Clinical significance Abnormal result 1, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Increased clinical significance of acute and chronic nephritis, severe pyelonephritis, acute and chronic renal dysfunction caused by various causes, heart failure, shock, burns, water loss, massive internal hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency, prostatic hypertrophy, chronic urinary tract obstruction, etc. . 2, serum creatinine (Scr) Clinical significance increases renal failure, uremia, heart failure, giant disease, acromegaly, salicylate treatment. Reduce progressive muscular atrophy, leukemia, anemia, etc. 3, blood urea Increased clinical significance indicates acute and chronic nephritis, severe pyelonephritis, acute and chronic renal dysfunction caused by various causes, heart failure, shock, burns, water loss, massive internal bleeding, adrenal insufficiency, prostatic hypertrophy, chronic urinary tract Obstruction and so on. 4, blood uric acid Clinical significance increases gout, acute and chronic leukemia, multiple myeloma, pernicious anemia, renal failure, liver failure, polycythemia, pregnancy reaction, strenuous activity and high fat after meals. 5, urine creatinine (Cr) Clinical significance increases hunger, fever, acute and chronic consumption and other diseases, after strenuous exercise. Reduce renal failure, muscle atrophy, anemia, leukemia, etc. 6, urine protein Clinical significance Normal people excrete about 40-80 proteins per day from the urine, and the upper limit is no more than 150 mg, of which mainly albumin, followed by glycoprotein and glycopeptide. About 0.60 (60%) of these proteins are derived from plasma, and the rest are derived from kidney, urinary tract, prostate secretions and tissue breakdown products, including urease, hormones, antibodies and their degradation products. Physiologically increased orthostatic proteinuria, motoruria, fever, mood swings, cold and overheated climate. 7, selective proteinuria index (SPI) The normal value of the reference value SPI0.1 ~ 0.2 indicates that the selectivity of general SPI > 0.2 indicates that the selectivity is poor. Clinical significance When the amount of macromolecular IgG excreted in the urine is small, it indicates that the selectivity is good. On the contrary, it indicates that the selectivity is poor. 8, β2-microglobulin clearance test Clinical significance increases renal tubular damage. This test is a reliable indicator of the extent of tubular damage and is particularly helpful in the detection of light patients. 9, urea clearance rate The clinical significance is seen in the inulin clearance rate. Child correction clearance value = 1.73 / child body surface area × actual clearance value children's body surface area is very different from adults, the correction formula is the maximum clearance value = 1.73 / child body surface area × actual clearance value. 10, blood creatinine clearance rate When the endogenous creatinine clearance rate is reduced to 0.5-0.6 ml?sl/m2 (52-63 ml/min/1.73 m2), the glomerular filtration function is reduced, such as <0.3 ml?s-1/m2 (31 ml/min/). 1.73m2) is a severe decline in glomerular filtration function. 11, urea nitrogen / creatinine ratio (BUN) Increased clinical significance of renal perfusion reduction (water loss, hypovolemic shock, congestive heart failure, etc.), urinary tract obstructive disease, high protein meal, catabolic hyperthyroidism, glomerular lesions, application of glucocorticoids. Reduce acute tubular necrosis. 13, phenol red (phenol sulfonate) excretion test (PSP) Clinical significance of renal tubular dysfunction 0.50 (50%), began to show a decrease in PSP excretion rate. Reduce chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, renal vascular sclerosis, Fanconi syndrome, heart failure, shock, severe edema, late pregnancy, urinary tract obstruction, bladder urinary insufficiency, etc. People who need to be examined: Suspected kidney disease patients. Precautions Inappropriate people: Generally, there is no suitable for the crowd. Taboo before the test: It is best not to have breakfast before the test, and the diet should be light at least three days before the test, do not drink alcohol, overeating or excessive fatigue, so as not to affect the test results. Requirements for examination: The patient actively cooperates with the doctor and the doctor carefully operates to avoid the result. Inspection process Indicators such as urine microscopy and chemical examinations, as well as certain chemical tests of blood, are used to measure changes in renal function. Commonly used measurement items include: urine sample, urine specific gravity, urine sediment microscopy, urea nitrogen, creatinine, non-protein nitrogen quantification, and phenol red excretion experiments. Many environmental pollutants, such as lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, hydrocarbon solvents, petroleum products, etc., can cause kidney damage, and renal function tests are an important indicator. Not suitable for the crowd There are no special taboos. Adverse reactions and risks No related complications or hazards.