Pleural effusion immunochemical examination

The pleural effusion immunochemical examination is an examination method for identifying carcinoembryonic antigen, complement, and T lymphocyte subsets of free liquid in the thoracic cavity. It has certain clinical significance for the identification of tuberculous and malignant pleural effusions. Healthy adult pleural fluid below 20ml, mainly in the pleural cavity for lubrication. Pleural effusion specimen collection was obtained by thoracentesis. Immediately after the specimen is taken, it should be sent for inspection to prevent cell degeneration, destruction or clot formation and affect the result. Basic Information Specialist classification: growth and development check classification: immunological examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Tips: Pay attention to normal eating habits and pay attention to personal hygiene. Normal value Healthy adult pleural fluid below 20ml, mainly in the pleural cavity for lubrication. Clinical significance In pathological conditions, such as increased cistern capillary hydrostatic pressure or decreased colloid osmotic pressure, or increased intrathoracic negative pressure and pleural effusion pressure in the pleural fluid, can lead to excessive production of pleural fluid and significant reduction in absorption, resulting in pathological Pleural effusion (pleuraleffusion), also known as pleural effusion. Common causes are pleural or adjacent tissue infections, primary or metastatic tumors. In addition to traditional cytology, biochemistry, and microbiological examination, pleural effusion examinations have been developed to apply immunological and molecular biological methods to further distinguish the nature of effusions. Abnormal results: empyema, pleurisy, tuberculosis, pulmonary infarction, chest metastases or primary malignant tumors, fungal infections, lupus pleurisy, chylothorax, esophageal perforation, uremic pleural effusion. The people who need to be examined have the above-mentioned patients with pleural effusion, such as empyema, pleurisy, tuberculosis, and pulmonary infarction. Precautions Forbidden before examination: Pay attention to normal eating habits and pay attention to personal hygiene. Requirements for inspection: Actively cooperate with the doctor. Pleural effusion specimen collection was obtained by thoracentesis. Immediately after the specimen is taken, it should be sent for inspection to prevent cell degeneration, destruction or clot formation and affect the result. Inspection process 1. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): CEA is a glycoprotein with a relatively large molecular weight. When CEA>20μg/L in effusion and CEA/serum CEA ratio>1, it should be highly suspected as cancerous effusion. 2, complement: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) caused by pleural effusion, total complement activity (CH50), C3, C4 and other complement components decreased, if the effusion CH50 or C4 decreased, Then the possibilities of SLE and RA are great. At the same time, the ratio of immune complexes in the pleural effusion to serum in such patients is >1; the value of pleural effusion caused by other causes is <1. 3, T lymphocyte subsets: tuberculous pleural effusion mainly lymphocytes (early neutrophils), which increased T cells, T cells in the CD4 +, CD4 + / CD8 + ratio increased. The absolute number of CD4+ T cells was negatively correlated with the amount of effusion. The percentage and absolute number of CD4+ and CD8+ in the effusion were higher than those in the peripheral blood. The content of T cells in malignant pleural effusion increased, but it was lower than CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in tuberculous pleural effusion. Therefore, the detection of lymphocyte subsets has a certain significance in the identification of tuberculous and malignant pleural effusions. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate people: It is not clear for the time being. Adverse reactions and risks There are no related complications and hazards.