Intradermal test

The intradermal test is one of the most widely used and intensive test methods in various in vivo specific tests. This method has been used clinically for many years to perform specific allergen examinations. Indications are used to test type I (such as penicillin test) and type IV allergies (such as tuberculin test). The method generally selects the forearm flexion side as the test site, and after the local cleaning and disinfection, the prepared skin test solution is injected intradermally to form a pimple having a diameter of 0.1 ml. Basic Information Specialist classification: skin examination classification: immune examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: Positive +: 5-10mm ++: 10-15mm +++: 15 or more - mm Above normal: negative: normal. Positive: Skin papules with a light erythema reaction between 5 and 10 mm in diameter are (+); skin papules are between 10 and 15 mm in diameter, and there are erythema reaction bands with a width of more than 10 mm. (++); skin The diameter of the papules is more than 15mm or the papules are irregular. There is a erythema reaction band with a width of more than 10mm around the pseudopod, which is (+++); Tips: Actively cooperate with doctors. Normal value Normally, the reaction was negative. The subject's skin papules were less than 5 mm in diameter, with no erythema around, or only a slight erythema reaction. Clinical significance Abnormal results: telangiectasia, increased vascular permeability, intravascular fluid exudation, smooth muscle contraction, hypersecretory gland hyperactivity, etc.; anaphylactic shock; bronchial asthma and other allergic reactions. The skin pimples have a light erythema reaction around 5 to 10 mm in diameter, which is (+); The skin pimples are between 10 and 15 mm in diameter, and there are erythema reaction bands with a width of more than 10 mm. (++); The skin papules are more than 15mm in diameter or irregular in papules. If there is a erythema reaction band with a width of more than 10mm around the pseudopod, it is (+++); The local reaction is the same as (+++), and at the same time, the whole body reaction, such as skin itching, rash, skin flushing, irritability, asthma attack and other symptoms, is (++++). People in need of examination: Patients with allergies but unknown allergens. Positive results may be diseases: echinococcosis, pediatric allergies, hot urticaria, schistosomiasis cerebral dermatitis, lens protein allergic glaucoma, pediatric allergic rhinitis, autoimmune progesterone dermatitis, asthma, pediatric pigs Precautions for tsutsugamushi and cysticercosis, brain schistosomiasis Contraindications before examination: A skin test should be performed before the experiment. Requirements for inspection: Actively cooperate with the doctor. Inspection process The skin on the outer side of the upper arm is also generally used as the test area. The patient is seated on the side, the whole arm is exposed to 70% alcohol to disinfect the skin, and the test solution is taken with a tuberculin syringe and a 26 or 27 intradermal needle with a needle length of about 1 cm. Inhalation antigens, including house dust, feathers, old cotton wool, tobacco, fungi, pollen, etc., are used at a concentration of 1:100. For vegetables, fruits, cereals and the like which are not irritating in food antigens, a concentration of 1:10 is used. For high-protein foods such as fish, shrimp, crab, eggs, milk and onions, garlic, ginger, and pepper, or irritating foods, a concentration of 1:100 is used. For individual antigens with higher potency, such as Artemisia pollen, alfalfa, etc., people use a concentration of 1:1000 or 1:1. There are also some extremely potent antigenic substances, such as aphid infusions. People who have used a concentration of 1:100,000 per anesthetic clinicians must have a rough estimate of the potency of the various antigens they use. Understand to be able to control the appropriate test concentration to prevent adverse reactions or accidents. According to the customary procedure, from top to bottom, from left to right, in each test area, the needle is inserted into the superficial epidermis with an intradermal needle, and the needle is about 2 to 3 mm, and the test solution is about 0.01 to 0.02 ml. The test area has a spacing of at least 3 cm. After the skin test is completed, the patient should be observed for any systemic reaction within 15 to 20 minutes after the patient is waiting to observe the reaction, such as lip numbness, itching, generalized itching, skin color flushing, coughing asthma, chest tightness, pulse speed, etc. Happening. If there is such a situation, the patient should immediately lie down and rest, and appropriate measures should be given according to the severity of the reaction. The lighter can acupuncture the palm of the patient's palm or the person, Yintang, Shixuan and other points. Those with chest tightness and cough and asthma are given inhaled drugs such as isoproterenol or salbutamol (salmatine). In severe cases, adrenaline, oxygen, and even artificial intravenous injection of epinephrine for more than 20 years, people in the hundreds of thousands of patients in the intradermal test, although there have been several cases of heavier skin The post-test response was safely restored due to timely treatment. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate people: those with severe allergic reactions. Adverse reactions and risks There are no related complications and hazards.