Immunopathological examination

Immunopathological examination is an examination performed using the principles of immunology, such as skin patch test, chymidine test, allergen screening, and the like. Basic Information Specialist classification: skin examination classification: immune examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: no Above normal: negative: normal. Positive: 1. Direct immunofluorescence to detect the presence and distribution of immunoglobulins or complements in diseased tissues and cells for the diagnosis, identification or diagnosis of immune skin diseases. 2. Indirect immunofluorescence to check the nature, type and titer of autoantibodies in serum for the diagnosis, identification or diagnosis of immune skin diseases, observation of changes in the condition and drug efficacy. Tips: Actively cooperate with the doctor during the examination. Normal value The skin is shiny and has no lesions. No infection or allergies were detected by immunological examination. Clinical significance Abnormal results: 1. Positive test of skin patch test indicates that the patient is allergic to the test substance, and an enhanced reaction generally occurs 24 to 48 hours after the test article is removed. 2. A positive response to the sputum test, suggesting that there has been a dermatophyte infection in the past or present. 3. Allergen Screening Skin allergies are also known as "sensitive" skin. Skin allergies mainly refer to cosmetics, chemicals, pollen, certain foods, polluted air, etc., which cause skin irritation, such as adverse reactions, resulting in abnormalities such as redness, itching, peeling and allergic dermatitis. Sensitive skin can be said to be an unstable skin, a skin that is always on high alert. People who need to check: 1. Skin patch test for patients with eczema, contact dermatitis, occupational skin disease. 2. Pustamycin test Primary fungal infections in the rash site. Fungal-negative edodesin test positive excludes patients with similar diseases. 3. Allergen screening diseases caused by skin allergies include urticaria, contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis and other skin diseases. Low results may be diseases: tubular small sweat gland cancer, oral mucosa acanthosis, X-linked ichthyosis, xanthomas, small intestinal leiomyomas, nodular goiter, painful fatty sputum, anthrax, femoral hernia, light linearity Positive results of elastic fiber disease may be diseases: tubular small sweat gland cancer, oral mucosal acanthosis, X-linked ichthyosis, yellow tumor, small intestinal leiomyomas, nodular goiter, painful fatty sputum, anthrax, femoral hernia, Light linear elastic fiber disease considerations Contraindications before inspection: Different inspection methods are different. Requirements for inspection: Actively cooperate with the doctor. Inspection process 1. Indications for psoriasis, pemphigoid, lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, cutaneous vasculitis and other immune skin diseases. 2. The selection and sampling of specimens are basically the same as the pathological examination of skin tissue. 3. Specimen processing 1 After removing the required skin specimen by surgery or drilling, immediately embed it with OCT compound embedding agent or wrap the specimen with moist saline gauze, store at 4 ° C, use within 24 hours. The OCT complex embedding agent is embedded. The specimen embedded in the 2OCT complex embedding agent was sliced ​​into a sheet having a thickness of 4 to 6 μm at -22 ° C to -25 ° C after rapid freezing, and placed on a glass slide. 4. Direct immunofluorescence: The frozen sections were washed with 0.01 mol/L, pH 7.4 PBS for 10 minutes, air-dried, and appropriately diluted fluorescently labeled anti-human immunoglobulin antibody was added dropwise in a 37-C wet box. Incubate for 30 to 60 minutes, wash it again with 0.01 mol/L, pH 7.4 PBS for 3 times, dry it, seal it with glycerol carbonate buffer, and observe under a fluorescence microscope. 5. Indirect immunofluorescence: the specimen is from normal human skin or animal tissue (such as rat liver print); firstly inactivate the appropriately diluted patient serum on the specimen and place it in a wet box at 37 ° C for 30 to 60 minutes. The cells were washed three times with 0.01 mol/L, pH 7.4 PBS, and air-dried. The subsequent steps were the same as the direct method. 6. Salt-split skin immunofluorescence method: Take the patient's skin lesion or normal human skin specimen, place it in 1mol/L NaCl solution, put it in a 4°C refrigerator and stir it at low speed with a magnetic stirrer, and change it every 24 hours. After 72 hours, the epidermis was separated from the dermis, and the OCT was embedded for DIF or IIF examination. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate people: Different inspection methods are different. Adverse reactions and risks There are no related complications and hazards.