serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme

Alkaline phosphatase can be divided into six types by polyacrylamide electrophoresis, namely ALP1, ALP2, ALP3, ALP4, ALP5, ALP6. Alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme assay is helpful for the diagnosis of hepatobiliary diseases, especially liver cancer. According to the mobility of alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme on starch gel electrophoresis, the International Committee of Enzymes named ALP1, ALP2, ALP3 and ALP4 from the anode to the cathode, but the general habit is still named after the organ source of the isoenzyme. They are called five isoenzymes such as liver, bone, small intestine, placenta and bile. Basic Information Specialist classification: Digestive examination classification: liver function test Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: no Above normal: negative: normal. Positive: ALP1 (derived from the liver) is positive in extrahepatic obstructive jaundice, metastatic liver cancer, liver abscess, hepatic congestion and common bile duct stones. ALP4 (derived from the placenta) is positive during pregnancy. ALP5 (derived from the intestine) is positive in normal people after eating fat and cirrhosis, alcoholism. ALP6 positive is seen in ulcerative colitis. Tips: Before the check, the diet is light and the alcohol is forbidden. Check for an empty stomach in the morning. Normal value (1) Agar electrophoresis AKP2, AKP3, AKP4, and AKP5 occur normally. Pathological appearance of AKP1, AKP6. (2) Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Adults develop AKP1 (α1 globulin position), AKPII, AKPIV (between α2 and β globulin), and AKPIV (β globulin position). Pregnant women develop AKPIV. Clinical significance 1ALP1 (derived from the liver) positive: seen in extrahepatic obstructive jaundice, metastatic liver cancer, liver abscess, hepatic congestion and common bile duct stones. 2ALP2 increased: seen in intrahepatic cholestasis, acute hepatitis, primary liver cancer and so on. 3ALP3 increased: (1) Skeletal diseases such as bone tumors and tumor bone metastasis, Paget's disease, rickets and osteomalacia. (2) Other diseases, such as renal malnutrition, hyperthyroidism, etc. 4ALP4 (derived from placenta) positive: pregnancy. 5ALP5 (from the intestine) positive: normal people after eating fat. Positive results may be diseases: primary liver cancer, metastatic liver cancer, liver abscess, common bile duct stones, ulcerative colitis considerations (1) Colorimetric method: 1 The matrix solution should not contain free phenol. If the blank tube is red, it indicates that the phenyl phosphate disodium has been decomposed and should be reconstituted. 2 Potassium ferricyanide should be stored in the dark, and blue will be ineffective. After the addition, it should be mixed quickly to fully develop color. 3 Hemolysis and jaundice serum should be used as a self-control tube to clear the error. (2) Continuous monitoring method: 1 should be taken on an empty stomach. A high-fat diet can increase the synthesis of ALP in the small intestine, a high-sugar diet can also increase the enzyme activity, and a high-protein diet can reduce the enzyme activity. 2 serum and heparin anticoagulated plasma results were consistent. The activity of the hemolytic specimen enzyme is decreased, and the anticoagulant of the complex enzyme can inhibit the enzyme activity. 3 temperature can affect the measurement results. The enzyme activity can be increased at room temperature and in the refrigerator, and the enzyme activity is increased by 3% to 6% for 1 to 4 days. The enzyme activity of the frozen serum is reduced, and the recovery is resumed after rewarming, so the specimen is preferably fresh and timely measured. 4 The type of buffer and the purity of the reagent can affect the measurement results. Different types of buffers have different reference intervals. It is used as a standard for the correction of the molar absorptivity - p-nitrophenol and phosphoric acid p-nitrophenol used as a substrate must meet certain specifications. Inspection process Immediately after venous blood collection, the test is performed. The detection method was determined by agarose electrophoresis. Not suitable for the crowd Generally no taboos. Adverse reactions and risks 1. Infection: Pay attention to aseptic operation when collecting blood, avoid contamination of water and other parts at the blood collection site to avoid local infection. 2, bleeding: after the blood is given a full compression time, especially coagulopathy, bleeding tendency, to avoid local subcutaneous oozing, bruising and swelling.