solid-phase enzyme immunoassay

The solid phase enzyme immunoassay mainly refers to ELISA, which is based on the principle of binding an antigen or antibody to the surface of a solid phase carrier (coating) and maintaining its immunological activity; using an enzyme labeled (another) antigen or antibody, retaining The immunological activity and the enzymatic activity; in the determination, the sample to be tested (the antibody or antigen to be assayed therein) and the enzyme-labeled antigen or antibody are reacted in different steps with the antigen or antibody on the surface of the solid phase carrier; The antigen-antibody complex formed on the solid phase carrier is separated from other substances, and the amount of the enzyme bound to the solid phase carrier is proportional to the amount of the test substance in the sample; after the substrate of the enzyme reaction is added, the substrate is catalyzed by the enzyme. Color development, so qualitative or quantitative analysis can be done according to the depth of the color. Due to the high catalytic efficiency of the enzyme, it has the effect of amplifying the reaction, so that the measurement method achieves high sensitivity. ELISAs have a variety of reaction types depending on the subject being measured. Basic Information Specialist classification: growth and development check classification: immunological examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Tips: Generally require an empty stomach check in the morning, taboo after overeating and spicy food. Normal value The normal values ​​of different items are different, generally less than a certain range. Or a negative result. Clinical significance Abnormal results: After the enzyme conjugate is combined with the corresponding antigen or antibody, the color reaction of the substrate can be determined to determine whether there is an immune reaction, and the depth of the color reaction is proportional to the amount of the corresponding antigen or antibody in the specimen. Therefore, the test results can be displayed in terms of the degree of color development of the substrate. People in need of examination: generally low immunity or patients with immunological diseases need to be examined. Positive results may be diseases: combined immunodeficiency disease, non-specific urethritis, rotavirus enteritis considerations Taboo before the examination: Generally, an empty stomach check is required in the morning, and it is forbidden to check after overeating and spicy food. Requirements for examination: Serum samples measured within 5 days can be placed at 4 ° C, and cryopreservation is required for more than 1 week. Serum samples should be tested when fresh. If there is bacterial contamination, the bacteria may contain endogenous HRP, which may also produce false positive reactions. Inspection process When measured, the antigen (antibody) first binds to the solid support, but retains its immunological activity, and then adds an antibody (antigen) to the enzyme to form a conjugate (label), the conjugate still retains its The original immunological activity and the enzymatic activity, when the conjugate reacts with the antigen (antibody) on the solid phase carrier, and then add the corresponding substrate of the enzyme, that is, the catalytic hydrolysis or redox reaction to form a color. The color depth produced is proportional to the amount of antigen (antibody) to be measured. Such colored products can be observed by naked eyes, optical microscopy, electron microscopy, or by spectrophotometer (microplate reader). The method is simple, convenient for speed and specific. Not suitable for the crowd Inappropriate people: no special requirements. Adverse reactions and risks There are no related complications and hazards.