Pleural effusion tumor cytology

Pleural effusion tumor cytology is an examination method for malignant pleural effusion for tumor cell staining, flow cytometry, and chromosome examination. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of pleural effusion malignant tumors can be greatly improved by the combination of cytology, chromosome and DNA ploidy of smears. Basic Information Specialist classification: Respiratory examination classification: chest and ascites examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: no Above normal: negative: Negative test results suggest that it may be normal. Positive: Positive test results suggest that there may be empyema, pleurisy, tuberculosis, pulmonary infarction and so on. Tips: Pay attention to normal eating habits and pay attention to personal hygiene. Normal value The pleural capillary hydrostatic pressure was normal and the colloid osmotic pressure was normal, and there was no effusion in the thoracic cavity. Clinical significance In pathological conditions, such as increased cistern capillary hydrostatic pressure or decreased colloid osmotic pressure, or increased intrathoracic negative pressure and pleural effusion pressure in the pleural fluid, can lead to excessive production of pleural fluid and significant reduction in absorption, resulting in pathological Pleural effusion (pleuraleffusion), also known as pleural effusion. Common causes are pleural or adjacent tissue infections, primary or metastatic tumors. In addition to traditional cytology, biochemistry, and microbiological examination, pleural effusion examinations have been developed to apply immunological and molecular biological methods to further distinguish the nature of effusions. Abnormal results are abnormal symptoms such as empyema, pleurisy, tuberculosis, pulmonary infarction, chest metastases or primary malignant pleural effusion. The people in need of examination have the above-mentioned patients with cancerous pleural effusion such as empyema, pleurisy, tuberculosis, and pulmonary infarction. Positive results may be diseases: thymic cysts, pleural effusion and pleurisy in the elderly Forbidden before examination: Pay attention to normal eating habits and pay attention to personal hygiene. Requirements for examination: Actively cooperate with the doctor to collect pleural effusion specimens obtained by thoracentesis. Inspection process 1. Tumor cells: In malignant effusions, about 60% of Pap or HE staining can be found in irregular shapes, uneven cell size, large nuclei and visible nucleoli and cytoplasmic darker piles or The scattered malignant tumor cells are easy to see adenocarcinoma cells arranged in a glandular cavity. However, tumor cells in effusion are generally more difficult to determine the source of the tumor. The primary tumor of the thoracic cavity is mainly malignant mesothelioma, and the incidence rate is low, about 1% to 4%. Metastatic malignant tumors account for about 95%, 80% are adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma only accounts for 2% to 3%, and lymphoma or leukemia can account for 5% to 11%. 2, flow cell DNA analysis: can study the interphase cells, and is not affected by the state of cell proliferation, is important for the detection of malignant cells in pleural effusion. Huang et al. performed flow cytometry analysis on 71 cases of pleural effusion. The results showed that the sensitivity to malignant pleural effusion was 52% and the specificity was 100%. If used in conjunction with routine testing, the sensitivity of the diagnosis can be as high as 94%. DNA analysis of cancerous pleural effusion cells showed an increase in the proportion of aneuploid and S phase, G2/M phase cells. 3, chromosome examination: chromosome analysis is mainly used for the diagnosis of pleural effusion or primary malignant tumor, can be found in the number of chromosomes, aneuploid and chromosome structural abnormalities, such as breaks, translocations, etc., positive rate Up to 75%. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of pleural effusion malignant tumors can be greatly improved by the combination of cytology, chromosome and DNA ploidy of smears. Not suitable for the crowd The examination is less invasive and generally has no contraindications. Adverse reactions and risks Risk of infection: If you use an unclean needle, you may be at risk of infection.