General examination of pleural effusion

The general trait examination of pleural effusion is to determine the effusion volume of the pleural effusion, the color and transparency of the effusion, the specific density and coagulability of the pleural effusion, and give the judgment results of the clinical guiding significance of the oil. General traits of pleural effusion: 1, the amount of fluid can vary greatly depending on the condition. 2, color and transparency: physiological pleural fluid is clear, light yellow liquid, a variety of changes can occur under pathological conditions. The exudate caused by inflammation and other diseases is often dark yellow, but it may be in a variety of colors due to different causes. Because it contains a large amount of cells, bacteria, chyle substances or fat, the color is darker and more turbid. Basic Information Specialist classification: Respiratory examination classification: chest and ascites examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: no Above normal: negative: Negative test results suggest that it should be normal. Positive: Positive test results are common in empyema, pleurisy, tuberculosis, pulmonary infarction and other diseases. Tips: Pay attention to normal eating habits and pay attention to personal hygiene. Normal value The normal test result is negative. Clinical significance In pathological conditions, such as increased cistern capillary hydrostatic pressure or decreased colloid osmotic pressure, or increased intrathoracic negative pressure and pleural effusion pressure in the pleural fluid, can lead to excessive production of pleural fluid and significant reduction in absorption, resulting in pathological Pleural effusion (pleuraleffusion), also known as pleural effusion. Common causes are pleural or adjacent tissue infections, primary or metastatic tumors. In addition to traditional cytology, biochemistry, and microbiological examination, pleural effusion examinations have been developed to apply immunological and molecular biological methods to further distinguish the nature of effusions. Abnormal results of empyema, pleurisy, tuberculosis, pulmonary infarction, chest metastases or primary malignant tumors, fungal infections, lupus pleurisy, chylothorax, esophageal perforation, uremic pleural effusion. The people who need to be examined have the above-mentioned patients with pleural effusion, such as empyema, pleurisy, tuberculosis, and pulmonary infarction. Positive results may be diseases: tuberculosis, pleurisy considerations Forbidden before examination: Pay attention to normal eating habits and pay attention to personal hygiene. Requirements for inspection: Actively cooperate with the doctor. Pleural effusion specimen collection was obtained by thoracentesis. Immediately after the specimen is taken, it should be sent for inspection to prevent cell degeneration, destruction or clot formation and affect the result. Inspection process General traits of pleural effusion 1, the amount of fluid can vary greatly depending on the condition. 2, color and transparency: physiological pleural fluid is clear, light yellow liquid, a variety of changes can occur under pathological conditions. The exudate caused by inflammation and other diseases is often dark yellow, but it may be in a variety of colors due to different causes. Because it contains a large amount of cells, bacteria, chyle substances or fat, the color is darker and more turbid. The main colors of exudate are: 1 red: mostly bloody, suggesting trauma, malignant tumor, pulmonary infarction, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, or bleeding from puncture injury. 2 milky white turbidity: After centrifugation of the effusion, if the supernatant becomes clear, turbidity is caused by cells or debris; if the supernatant is still turbid, it is likely to be chyle or pseudo chyle. True chyle is caused by obstruction of the thoracic duct or lymphatic vessels; the pseudo chyle contains a lot of cholesterol or lecithin. 3 pus-like pale yellow: seen in purulent infection, indicating a large number of white blood cells and bacteria. 4 yellow-green: may be Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection or rheumatoid disease. 5 brown: seen in the amebic liver abscess involving the pleura. 6 black: pleural Aspergillus infection. 3, the specific density and coagulability of pleural effusion: the leakage (transudate) is less than 1.015; the exudate contains more protein and cells, more than 1.018. Leakage contains less fibrin and is generally difficult to coagulate; exudate contains fibrin, bacteria and cell lysate, which tends to self-cure or clot. Not suitable for the crowd The examination is less invasive and generally has no contraindications. Adverse reactions and risks Risk of infection: If you use an unclean needle, you may be at risk of infection.