urethra examination

The urethral opening examination is an examination of the urethral mucosa and urethral secretions. Comprehensive analysis of clinical and laboratory findings of urethral opening examination can be used for the diagnosis of urethral diseases such as non-gonococcal urethritis. Transurethral secretions are examined for urethral secretions such as urethral hemorrhage, urethral bloody secretions, urethral purulent secretions, and urethral mucus secretions. Basic Information Specialist classification: urinary examination classification: body fluid examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: not fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: no Above normal: negative: Negative results should generally be normal. Positive: A positive result indicates that the subject has a urinary tract infection or other urinary tract lesion. Tips: In order to prevent infection, sexual partners should avoid sexual life before they are completely cured. The towels, washbasins, sheets and other infectious materials should be used strictly. The pollutants can be boiled and disinfected. Personal prevention of available condoms. Normal value The normal urethral mucosa is rosy, clean, and free of secretions. Gram staining of urethral secretions showed an average of <5 per field of view under oil mirror (1000 times), and no hemorrhage and bloody secretion of <15 polymorphonuclear leukocytes per field of view in high magnification (400 times) field of view. Substance, purulent secretions, liquid secretions, etc., are negative. Clinical significance Abnormal result 1, male urethral secretion Gram stain smear examination showed polymorphonuclear leukocytes, under the oil microscope (1000 times) average ≥ 5 per field is positive. In the morning, the first urine or urination interval of 3 to 4 hours of urine (15 ml of anterior urine) sediment in the high power microscope (400 times) field of view, the average per field of ≥ 15 polymorphonuclear leukocytes have diagnostic significance. Or male patients <60 years old, no kidney disease or bladder infection, no prostatitis or mechanical damage to the urinary tract, but those with positive urine white cell esterase test can also be diagnosed as non-gonococcal urethritis. Female cervical mucus purulent secretion, yellow, with an average of 10 lesions per field of polymorphonuclear leukocytes under oil mirror (1000 times) (but should be excluded from trichomoniasis). 2, such as urethral redness and swelling, attached secretions or ulcers, and tenderness, more common in urethritis caused by gonococcal or other pathogen infection; urethral stricture caused by congenital malformation or inflammatory adhesions; urethra is located The ventral surface of the penis is mostly caused by hypospadias. People who need to be examined: patients with burning pain, frequent urination and urgency or urinary fistula during urination. Positive results may be diseases: congenital giant urethra, urethral mucosal prolapse, trichomoniasis urethritis considerations Contraindications before examination: pay attention to rest, add enough liquid, to prevent indirect infection should be used separately, the bathroom, towels and sheets should be disinfected. In order to prevent infection, sexual partners should avoid sexual life before they are completely cured. The towels, washbasins, sheets and other infectious materials should be used strictly; the pollutants can be boiled and disinfected. Personal prevention of available condoms. Requirements for inspection: Actively cooperate with the doctor's work. Inspection process Use the thumb and forefinger to separate the urethral opening during the examination. Laboratory urethral secretion examination: evidence of smear, culture examination, and no Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Male urethral secretion Gram staining smear showed polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and ≥5 per field was positive under oil mirror (1000 times). In the morning, the first urine or urination interval of 3 to 4 hours of urine (15 ml of anterior urine) sediment in the high power microscope (400 times) field of view, the average per field of ≥ 15 polymorphonuclear leukocytes have diagnostic significance. Or male patients <60 years old, no kidney disease or bladder infection, no prostatitis or mechanical damage to the urinary tract, but those with positive urine white cell esterase test can also be diagnosed as non-gonococcal urethritis. Female cervical mucus purulent secretion, yellow, with an average of 10 lesions per field of polymorphonuclear leukocytes under oil mirror (1000 times) (but should be excluded from trichomoniasis). At present, due to the unconditional or insufficient standardization of the culture and diagnostic kit for Chlamydia, it is only necessary to see inflammatory cells (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) in the clinical laboratory diagnosis and to eliminate the gonococcal infection to make a diagnosis. Transurethral secretions are examined for urethral secretions: 1, urethral bleeding Urethral bleeding refers to the involuntary overflow of blood from the urethra, and has nothing to do with urination. It can be seen that there is fresh blood spilling or dripping from the urethral opening, or there is blood in the mouth of the ten urethra. Urethral hemorrhage is often caused by urethral injury or urethral instrument application causing rupture of the urethral vascular rupture. Or found in urethra stones, urethral foreign bodies, urethral tumors, urethritis, prostatitis and urethral ulcers. 2, urethral blood secretions The urethral bloody secretion refers to the secretion of pus and blood in the urethral orifice or the secretion of blood and mucus. Urethral bloody secretions are mostly caused by urinary tract infections. More common in urethral injury, urethral stones, foreign body secondary infection, urethral tumor, urethral meat and urethritis, prostatitis, urethral obstruction such as stenosis, diverticulum, valve and so on. 3, urethral purulent secretions There is a yellow viscous secretion in the urethral opening. There are a large number of pus cells in the microscopic examination, or there is a purulent adhesion in the urethral orifice, which is called purulent discharge of the urethra. The purulent discharge of the urethra is caused by a purulent infection of the urethra. More common in prostatitis, tuberculous urethritis, gonorrhea urethritis, as well as urethral stones, foreign bodies, tumors, injuries, stenosis, diverticulum, valves and other secondary infections or indwelling catheters in the urethra, the use of equipment, the use of chemicals, another There are masturbation and so on. 4, urethral mucus secretions The urethral orifice has mucous secretions or mucus sputum attached to the urethral mucus secretion. Its performance can be turbid, milky and viscous or clear and thin. Urethral mucus secretions are more common in non-specific urethritis, fungal urethritis, chlamydia, mycoplasma, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis or virus-induced urethritis, prostatitis, prostate leakage, urethral bulbitis. Not suitable for the crowd Patients with urethral injury or urethral surgery should avoid this test because the examination may cause the wound to become heavier. Adverse reactions and risks Risk of infection: The examiner should pay attention to disinfection when inspecting the subject, and the appliance or the inspector using unclean gloves will cause the subject to become infected.