Lipoprotein electrophoresis

Lipoprotein electrophoresis is a classification of proteins by electrophoresis. It is mainly used for the classification of hyperlipidemia and helps to understand the blood lipid status of coronary heart disease. Ultracentrifugation can be used to separate lipoproteins into four high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and chylomicrons (CM). Basic Information Specialist classification: growth and development examination classification: blood examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Tips: Check your relaxation, you should face it positively and actively cooperate with the inspection. Normal value Female chylomicrons (CM) are negative, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) 4% to 12%, low density lipoprotein (LDL) 54% to 66%, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) 27% to 37%. Male chylomicrons (CM) are negative, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) 8% to 16%, low density lipoprotein (LDL) 57% to 73%, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) 19% to 27%. Clinical significance Abnormal result 1. Very low-density lipoprotein VLDL, low-density lipoprotein LDL increased, common in type III hyperlipoproteinemia. 2. High-density lipoprotein HDL increased, seen in high-density lipoproteinemia, decreased HDL, found in hepatitis, atherosclerosis, etc. 3. Low-density lipoprotein LDL increased, seen in type II hyperlipidemia, reduced in low-density lipoproteinemia. 4. Very low-density lipoprotein VLDL increased, seen in IIb, IV, V-type hyperlipidemia, reduced in portal cirrhosis and early acute hepatitis. 5. chylomicrons CM positive, seen in type I, V hyperlipidemia. The people who need to be examined are people with heart palpitations, fatigue, sweating, hunger, paleness, tremors, nausea and vomiting. Low results may be diseases: high lipoproteinemia type III results are high may be diseases: fat malnutrition, atherosclerosis matters needing attention Pre-inspection contraindications: Electrophoresis samples require fresh fasting serum. Requirements for inspection: Check the feelings of relaxation, should face positively, and actively cooperate with the inspection. Pay attention to the balance before centrifugation. The ionic strength and pH of the sample should be the same as the concentrated gel solution. If a large amount of salt is included, the salt should be dialyzed. Inspection process Vascular blood collection was used for testing. Before venous blood collection, carefully check that the needle is securely installed and that there is air and moisture in the syringe. The needle used should be sharp, smooth, ventilated, and the syringe should not leak. Firstly, the skin was disinfected from the inside to the outside and clockwise from the selected venipuncture with a 30g/L iodine swab. After the iodine was volatilized, the iodized trace was wiped out in the same way with a 75% ethanol swab. Fix the lower end of the venipuncture site with the thumb of the left hand, hold the syringe syringe with the thumb and middle finger of the right hand, and fix the needle lower seat with the index finger, so that the bevel of the needle and the scale of the syringe are upward, and the needle is inclined along the vein to make the needle and the skin obliquely penetrate the skin at an angle of 30°. Then, through the vein wall, enter the venous cavity forward at an angle of 5°. After seeing the blood return, the needle will be probed into the spot to avoid the needle slipping out when the blood is collected; but it is not possible to use a deep puncture to avoid hematoma, and immediately remove the cuff. Needle plug can only be pumped out, can not be pushed in, so as to avoid injecting air into the vein to form a gas plug, causing serious consequences. Remove the syringe needle and slowly inject the blood into the anticoagulation tube along the tube wall to prevent hemolysis and foam. Not suitable for the crowd 1. Patients who have taken contraceptives, thyroid hormones, steroid hormones, etc., may affect the results of the examination and prohibit patients who have recently taken the drug history. 2, special diseases: patients with hematopoietic function to reduce disease, such as leukemia, various anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, etc., unless the examination is essential, try to draw less blood. Adverse reactions and risks 1, subcutaneous hemorrhage: due to pressing time less than 5 minutes or blood draw technology is not enough, etc. can cause subcutaneous bleeding. 2, discomfort: the puncture site may appear pain, swelling, tenderness, subcutaneous ecchymosis visible to the naked eye. 3, dizzy or fainting: in the blood draw, due to emotional overstress, fear, reflex caused by vagus nerve excitement, blood pressure decreased, etc. caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain caused by fainting or dizziness. 4. Risk of infection: If you use an unclean needle, you may be at risk of infection.