blood test

Blood tests are the most common and basic blood test. It refers to the examination of blood anemia, cholesterol, diabetes, various infections, kidney function, calcium, liver function, blood diseases and physical abnormalities. It is one of the most common laboratory tests in the hospital. The examination shall be designated by the doctor, and the doctor shall use the results of the examination to confirm or support the diagnosis, supervise or decide on the treatment, and screen the undetermined condition. Basic Information Specialist classification: cardiovascular examination classification: blood examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Tips: Do not eat too greasy, high-protein foods the day before, and avoid heavy drinking. Normal value 1, red blood cell count (RBC) Male 4.0 × 1012 - 5.3 × 1012 / L (4 million - 5.5 million / mm3). Female 3.5 × 1012 - 5.0 × 1012 / L (3.5 million - 5 million / mm3). Children 4.0 × 1012 - 5.3 × 1012 / L (4 million - 5.3 million / mm3). 2, hemoglobin determination (Hb) Male 120-160g / L (12-16g / dL). Female 110-150g / L (11-15g / dL). Children 120-140g / L (12-14g / dL). 3. White blood cell count (WBC) Adult 4 × 109 - 10 × 109 / L (4000 - 10000 / mm3). Newborn 15×109-20×109/L (15000-20000/mm3). 4, white blood cell classification count (DC) Neutral stalk nucleated cells 0.01-0.05 (1%-5%). Neutral lobular granulocytes are 0.50-0.70 (50%-70%). Eosinophils 0.005-0.05 (0.5%-5%). Lymphocytes 0.20-0.40 (20%-40%). Monocytes are 0.03-0.08 (3%-8%). 5. Eosinophil direct counting (EOS) 50-300 x 106 / L (50-300 / mm3). Second, hemorrhagic disease examination 1, platelet count (PLT) 100 × 109 - 300 × 109 / L (100,000 - 300,000 / mm3). 2, bleeding time measurement (BT) Paper method 1-5min. 3. Determination of clotting time (CT) Activation method 1.14-2.05 min; test tube method 4-12 min. Clinical significance Abnormal result 1, red blood cell count (RBC) Red blood cell reduction, more common in various anemia, such as acute, chronic aplastic anemia, iron deficiency anemia. Erythropoiesis is common in the body of hypoxia, blood concentration, polycythemia vera, emphysema and so on. 2, hemoglobin determination (Hb) (1) Hemoglobin reduction is more common in various anemias, such as acute and chronic aplastic anemia, iron deficiency anemia. (2) Increased hemoglobin is common in the body of hypoxia, blood concentration, polycythemia vera, emphysema and so on. 3. White blood cell count (WBC) (1) Physiological leukocyte increase is more common in strenuous exercise, after eating, pregnancy, and newborn. In addition, the blood collection sites are different, and the number of white blood cells can be different. For example, the number of white blood cells in the earlobe blood is higher than that of the finger blood. (2) pathological leukocyte increase is more common in acute suppurative infection, uremia, leukemia, tissue damage, acute bleeding and so on. (3) pathological leukopenia reduces aplastic anemia, certain infectious diseases, cirrhosis, hypersplenism, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. 4, white blood cell classification count (DC) (1) Neutral rod-shaped granulocyte increase is seen in acute suppurative infection, hemorrhage, severe tissue damage, chronic myeloid leukemia and sleeping pills poisoning. Neutral lobular neutrophil reduction is more common in some infectious diseases, aplastic anemia, and agranulocytosis. (2) Eosinophilia is found in psoriasis, acne, eczema, bronchial asthma, food allergies, some blood diseases and tumors, such as chronic myeloid leukemia, nasopharyngeal cancer, lung cancer, and cervical cancer. (3) Eosinophilia is seen in typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and long-term use of adrenocortical hormone. (4) Increased lymphocytes are seen in infectious lymphocytosis, tuberculosis, malaria, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, whooping cough, and certain viral infections. (5) Lymphopenia is seen in excessive lymphocyte destruction, such as long-term chemotherapy, X-ray irradiation, and immunodeficiency disease. (6) Mononuclear cell elevation is seen in monocytic leukemia, tuberculosis activity, malaria, etc. 5. Eosinophil direct counting (EOS) (1) Eosinophilia is found in psoriasis, acne, eczema, bronchial asthma, food allergies, some blood diseases and tumors, such as chronic myeloid leukemia, nasopharyngeal cancer, lung cancer, and cervical cancer. (2) Eosinophilia is seen in typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and long-term use of adrenocortical hormone. Second, hemorrhagic disease examination 1, platelet count (PLT) (1) Increased platelet count is seen in thrombocytosis, splenectomy, acute infection, hemolysis, and fractures. (2) The reduction of platelet count is seen in aplastic anemia, acute leukemia, acute radiation sickness, primary or secondary thrombocytopenic purpura, hypersplenism, uremia and the like. 2, bleeding time measurement (BT) Prolonged bleeding time is seen in a large reduction in platelets and defects in platelet function, acute leukemia, scurvy. 3. Determination of clotting time (CT) (1) Prolonged in the absence of coagulation factors, anticoagulant substances in the blood circulation, enhanced fibrinolytic activity, and poor production of thromboplastin. (2) shortened in high blood lipids, high blood sugar, cerebral thrombosis, venous thrombosis. The people who need to be examined have weak, weak, sleepy, pale skin, mucous membranes, palpitations, dizziness, headache, tinnitus, vertigo, inattention, and lethargy. Low results may be diseases: high pregnancy vomiting may be diseases: acute alcoholism, hypercalcemia in the elderly, hepatitis, somatosensory disturbance, alcoholic brain atrophy, alcoholic myopathy, appendix adenocarcinoma, thrombosis, acute Pulmonary heart disease considerations Inappropriate people: People with a significant tendency to bleed. Taboo before the examination: It is necessary to cooperate with the doctor to write the correct name, neat and tidy, to avoid confusion caused by the same name or similar names. With these in mind, blood draws are more convenient and faster, and you can better save yourself time for diagnosis. Do not eat too greasy, high-protein foods the day before, and avoid heavy drinking. The alcohol content in the blood directly affects the test results. After 8 pm on the day before the medical examination, you should fast. On the day of blood draw, don't wear too small and tight clothes on the cuffs to avoid the sleeves being too tight when blood is drawn or the sleeves are too tight after blood draw, causing blood vessels in the arms. Avoid strenuous exercise. Pay attention to the impact of the drug and tell which drug was used. Requirements for examination: When taking blood, you should relax your mind to avoid the contraction of blood vessels caused by fear and increase the difficulty of blood collection. Inspection process 1. Disinfect the area where the blood is to be taken (such as the fingertip) with absorbent cotton with a volume fraction of 75% alcohol. 2. Puncture the skin of your fingertips with a sterile needle tip. 3. Squeeze a drop of blood and drip onto the sterilized slide. 4. Take another slide as a pusher and move the pusher from the left side of the blood drop to the right. 5. When the blood drops are evenly attached between the two pieces, the push piece is smoothly moved to the left (the two pieces are at an angle of 30 to 45 degrees). 6, the introduction of a uniform blood film. Not suitable for the crowd 1. Patients who have taken contraceptives, thyroid hormones, steroid hormones, etc., may affect the results of the examination and prohibit patients who have recently taken the drug history. 2, special diseases: patients with hematopoietic function to reduce disease, such as leukemia, various anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, etc., unless the examination is essential, try to draw less blood. Adverse reactions and risks 1, subcutaneous hemorrhage: due to pressing time less than 5 minutes or blood draw technology is not enough, etc. can cause subcutaneous bleeding. 2, discomfort: the puncture site may appear pain, swelling, tenderness, subcutaneous ecchymosis visible to the naked eye. 3, dizzy or fainting: in the blood draw, due to emotional overstress, fear, reflex caused by vagus nerve excitement, blood pressure decreased, etc. caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain caused by fainting or dizziness. 4. Risk of infection: If you use an unclean needle, you may be at risk of infection.