blood electrolyte test

Blood electrolyte testing is the detection of various electrolytes in human blood, such as kidney disease, diabetes, and endocrine diseases. Generally, venous blood sampling is used for detection. Basic Information Specialist classification: cardiovascular examination classification: blood examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Included items: serum sodium, serum magnesium, serum potassium, serum calcium, serum sodium (Na+, Na), serum magnesium (Mg2+, Mg), serum chlorine (Cl-, Cl), serum phosphorus (Pi), serum potassium (K+ , K) Tips: Avoid strenuous exercise before checking. Normal value Sodium (Na) is normally 135 to 145 mmol/L. Potassium (K) normal situation: Newborns 3.7 ~ 5.9mmol / L. Infants 4.1 to 5.3 mmol/L. Children 3.4 ~ 4.7mmol / L. Adults 4.1 to 5.6 mmol / L. Calcium (Ca) normal condition: Infants 2.5 to 3.0 mmol/L. Adult 2.1 ~ 2.55mmol / L. Clinical significance Abnormal result sodium High value (in the case of 150 mEq/l or more) due to diabetic drowsiness, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, etc., extremely dehydrated state, diabetes insipidus, Cushing's disease aldosteronism, and large intake of salt. Low value (in the case of 130 mEq/l or less) Acute renal failure, chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism, heart failure, fire injury, and abnormal secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Potassium High value (5.5mEq/l or more in acute kidney failure, chronic kidney failure, massive blood transfusion, taking potassium accumulation diuretics. Low value (in the case of 3.5 mEq/l or less) aldostenmism, Cushing's disease, respiratory insufficiency syndrome, taking diuretics, and neuropathic loss of appetite. calcium High value (in the case of 12 mEq/l or more) malignant tumor, multiple bone marrow tumor, and primary hyperthyroidism. Low value (in the case of 8 mEq/1 or less), renal failure, parathyroidism, and vitamin D deficiency. chlorine High value (in the case of 110 mEq/l or more) dehydration, kidney failure, and hyperventilation syndrome. Low value (in the case of 97 mEq/1 or less) emphysema, pneumonia, renal disorders, vomiting, and diarrhea. The people who need to be examined have edema, increased foam in the urine, hematuria, soreness in the lower back, and symptoms of high blood pressure. There are people who are weak and weak, sleepy, pale skin, mucous membranes, palpitations, dizziness, headache, tinnitus, vertigo, inattention, and lethargy. Precautions Contraindications before examination: Avoid strenuous exercise before inspection. After inspection: 1. After blood is drawn, local compression is required at the pinhole for 3-5 minutes to stop bleeding. Note: Do not rub, so as not to cause subcutaneous hematoma. 2, the pressing time should be sufficient. There is a difference in clotting time for each person, and some people need a little longer to clotting. Therefore, when the surface of the skin appears to be bleeding, the compression is stopped immediately, and the blood may be infiltrated into the skin due to incomplete hemostasis. Therefore, the compression time is longer to completely stop bleeding. If there is a tendency to bleed, the compression time should be extended. 3, after the blood draw symptoms of fainting such as: dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, etc. should immediately lie down, drink a small amount of syrup, and then undergo a physical examination after the symptoms are relieved. 4. If there is localized congestion, use a warm towel after 24 hours to promote absorption. Inspection process Vascular blood collection was used for testing. Before venous blood collection, carefully check that the needle is securely installed and that there is air and moisture in the syringe. The needle used should be sharp, smooth, ventilated, and the syringe should not leak. Firstly, the skin was disinfected from the inside to the outside and clockwise from the selected venipuncture with a 30g/L iodine swab. After the iodine was volatilized, the iodized trace was wiped out in the same way with a 75% ethanol swab. Fix the lower end of the venipuncture site with the thumb of the left hand, hold the syringe syringe with the thumb and middle finger of the right hand, and fix the needle lower seat with the index finger, so that the bevel of the needle and the scale of the syringe are upward, and the needle is inclined along the vein to make the needle and the skin obliquely penetrate the skin at an angle of 30°. Then, through the vein wall, enter the venous cavity forward at an angle of 5°. After seeing the blood return, the needle will be probed into the spot to avoid the needle slipping out when the blood is collected; but it is not possible to use a deep puncture to avoid hematoma, and immediately remove the cuff. Needle plug can only be pumped out, can not be pushed in, so as to avoid injecting air into the vein to form a gas plug, causing serious consequences. Remove the syringe needle and slowly inject the blood into the anticoagulation tube along the tube wall to prevent hemolysis and foam. Not suitable for the crowd 1. Patients who have taken contraceptives, thyroid hormones, steroid hormones, etc., may affect the results of the examination and prohibit patients who have recently taken the drug history. 2, special diseases: patients with hematopoietic function to reduce disease, such as leukemia, various anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, etc., unless the examination is essential, try to draw less blood. Adverse reactions and risks 1, subcutaneous hemorrhage: due to pressing time less than 5 minutes or blood draw technology is not enough, etc. can cause subcutaneous bleeding. 2, discomfort: the puncture site may appear pain, swelling, tenderness, subcutaneous ecchymosis visible to the naked eye. 3, dizzy or fainting: in the blood draw, due to emotional overstress, fear, reflex caused by vagus nerve excitement, blood pressure decreased, etc. caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain caused by fainting or dizziness. 4. Risk of infection: If you use an unclean needle, you may be at risk of infection.