blood glucose meter

A blood glucose meter is a blood sample that reacts with a test paper under the detection of electronic components to reflect blood sugar concentration. The biochemical apparatus draws venous blood and then separates the blood by a centrifuge to obtain plasma. The blood glucose meter oxidizes glucose by reacting with glucose oxidase to generate hydrogen peroxide, and another monitoring system measures the amount of hydrogen peroxide to obtain a blood sugar level. The advantage of biochemical analyzer is that the measurement is very accurate. The disadvantage is that the measurement time is slow. Usually the result is obtained the next day. The blood volume is usually 3,000 to 5,000 microliters. The operation is complicated and only the professionally trained person can operate. It is expensive and only available in some hospitals. As an indispensable instrument for diabetes monitoring, rapid blood glucose meter has been widely used among diabetics. Adjusting the treatment plan by monitoring blood sugar is a powerful measure to achieve the standard of treatment and prevent chronic complications of heart, brain, kidney and nervous system. Reduce chronic complications by as much as 60%. However, in patients and even some medical staff who lack specialized training, there are problems in which the detection is inaccurate, so that the blood sugar does not reach the ideal control level, thereby affecting the therapeutic effect. Basic Information Specialist classification: Digestive examination classification: blood examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Tips may have hypoglycemia. Normal value: Normal value: 60-240mg/dl Above normal: Tips may have diabetes. negative: Positive: Tips: During the operation, the hands must be cleaned, and after the alcohol is wiped, the blood is to be evaporated and then collected. The blood glucose meter corresponds to the number of the blood glucose test strip. Normal value The blood sugar level is raised from 60 mg/d to 240 mg/dL. Clinical significance Abnormal result The examination methods include a glucose oxidase electrode membrane method (GOD membrane method), a glucose oxidase method (God method), and a blood glucose meter test strip method. The blood glucose meter is analyzed on the blood sample by the blood glucose meter, and the blood sugar level is displayed on the display screen of the blood glucose meter. The abnormal blood glucose monitoring results were >240 mg/min (13.3 mmol/L) or abnormally low <60 mg/dl (3.3 mmol/L), and there was a problem of blood sugar. If the error of the fast blood glucose meter is within 20%, it is generally considered that it will not affect the change of the treatment measures and is therefore acceptable. Therefore, the World Health Organization's requirements for blood glucose meter error are within 20%. The National Standard for Blood Glucose Meters issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China, GB/T19634-2005, stipulates that the blood glucose meter is qualified according to the following requirements. When the test range is less than or equal to 4.2 mmol/L, the allowable deviation does not exceed plus or minus 0.83 mmol/L. The test range is greater than 4.2mmol/L and the allowable deviation is not more than plus or minus 20%. The difference between the batches of blood glucose test strips: the difference between batches of different batches of blood glucose test strips should be no more than 15%. Need to check the crowd: middle-aged and elderly people, people with abnormal blood sugar. Low results may be diseases: high hypoglycemia results may be diseases: precautions for diabetes in the elderly Inappropriate people: People with leukemia, people with diseases that are not easy to heal. Precautions for pre-examination blood glucose meter: 1. The result of the blood glucose meter measurement is capillary blood sugar, and the clinically measured venous blood glucose is plasma glucose, the former is about 10% higher than the latter. If the blood glucose meter only displays high (too high) or low (too low), if there is no specific value, you need to go to the hospital to draw venous blood to confirm the diagnosis, and can not delay the condition. 2, the frequency of blood glucose is measured 4 times a day, the time can be selected before three meals and before going to bed. Patients with normal or stable blood glucose levels can reduce the number of tests appropriately, once a day, every 4 weeks to form a test cycle, such as the first week to measure fasting blood glucose in the morning, the second week to measure blood glucose 2 hours after breakfast, the third Weekly blood glucose before dinner, blood glucose before bedtime in the fourth week, so that you can basically understand the fluctuations of blood glucose every month. The ideal goal of controlling blood sugar is: pre-sleep blood glucose is preferably between 7 mM/L and 8 mM/L, which can greatly reduce the risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia. The fasting blood glucose is 4.4 mmol/L to 6.0 mM. Moses/liters, blood glucose at other times is 4.4 mmol / liter ~ 7.8 mmol / liter. 3. At least one calibration and cleaning of the blood glucose meter should be performed every month to ensure accurate measurement results. 4, for diabetic patients, blood glucose meter is the best "protector", but can not replace the doctor. Patients should use the blood glucose meter correctly under the guidance of their doctor according to their own condition, carefully record the results of each measurement, and contact the doctor in time. Ask your doctor to adjust your diet, exercise, and other treatments to control your blood sugar levels based on your blood glucose monitoring results. If the fasting blood sugar is high and the blood sugar is low before going to bed, there may be nighttime hypoglycemia, so you need to eat a small amount of fruit while sleeping. If the blood glucose is high on an empty stomach and before going to bed, increase the amount of insulin before bedtime or increase the exercise after dinner. Another example is that for only 2 hours after breakfast, the blood sugar is high, and the total amount of breakfast can be divided into two meals, and the amount of exercise after breakfast is increased. When exercise and diet therapy are not effective, medication can be used under the guidance of a doctor. Requirements for inspection: During the operation, the patient should pay attention to the following points: 1 hand must be cleaned, and after alcohol wiping, it should be evaporated and then blood collected. 2 The blood glucose meter corresponds to the number of the blood glucose test strip. 3 Avoid squeezing your fingers when you take blood. This will result in inaccurate blood sugar results. Some test strips require blood droplets to fill the blood sample holes in order to obtain accurate results. A program operation error will cause the test to fail or to detect a false measurement. The operating procedures of various blood glucose meters are similar. The patient must read the instructions carefully when testing, and be proficient in the operation of the blood glucose meter. For example, some blood glucose meters are measured by blood glucose meter and then inserted into the blood glucose meter. If the waiting time is too long after the blood is dropped, it will be put into the blood glucose meter, which will lead to erroneous results. The residual alcohol after disinfection, moving the test strip during the test, etc. will affect the test results. Improper blood collection If the blood is not enough when testing, especially for the elderly and children, it is often difficult to get enough blood drops from the fingers, so the result of failure or low measurement will be detected. Then, the test strip needs to be replaced to re-measure, or Choose a model that requires very little blood. More blood volume is generally no problem, but if it exceeds too much, overflowing the measurement area sometimes leads to failure. Inspection process Blood volume: refers to the amount of blood used to measure blood sugar, usually between 0.5-10 microliters. How much blood will affect the patient's pain, and blood is also very precious. Measurement time: The time from the reaction to the result, usually between 5-30 seconds, the measurement speed will affect the efficiency of the detection. Measurement methods: intravenous blood sampling, chemical colorimetry, electrode method, electrode method is the most advanced. Measurement range: Blood sugar is too low or too high may not be measured, the general measurement range is 3 to 30mmol / l. Test paper packaging: generally barreled and single-packed, single-pack is usually wrapped in aluminum foil, with one piece, not wasted, but the validity period is generally short (about one year), and the sealing is not as good as barrel. The environment is more likely to affect quality, and the barrel is just the opposite. Blood collection method: blood-dropping type, blood-sucking type, blood-dropping test strip reaction area can not be touched, with poor blood volume control (blood volume is not constant will affect the measured value), it is backward; siphon type adopts capillary principle to automatically suck blood, use blood The amount is small, the blood volume is constant, and the reaction zone can be touched, which is more advanced. The operation of the blood glucose meter is basically divided into five steps: The first step: turn on the power, part of it is to directly press the power switch, and a part of the test paper is automatically turned on. Step 2: Insert the test paper adjustment code. In addition to the Bianjie second-generation blood glucose meter is free of code, the other is divided into: manual input test paper correction code such as Lishutan blood glucose meter, Johnson & Johnson blood glucose meter; use the password code to insert the machine to automatically record the test paper correction code such as Roche vitality blood glucose meter. The third step: blood collection, blood-sucking: blood collection with a blood collection meter with a blood collection pen directly to collect blood, and then rely on the blood into the test paper, most of the current test paper is siphon, put it into the test strip blood-sucking area will directly suck in . Step 4: Display the results: After the blood is sucked, a countdown will be displayed, showing the test results, ranging from five seconds to 30 seconds. Step 5: Complete the test and shut down. After completing the test, be sure to remember to shut down. On the one hand, it wastes electricity, on the other hand, it is easy to lose the machine Not suitable for the crowd 1. Patients who have taken contraceptives, thyroid hormones, steroid hormones, etc., may affect the results of the examination and prohibit patients who have recently taken the drug history. 2, special diseases: patients with hematopoietic function to reduce disease, such as leukemia, various anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, etc., unless the examination is essential, try to draw less blood. Adverse reactions and risks 1, subcutaneous hemorrhage: due to pressing time less than 5 minutes or blood draw technology is not enough, etc. can cause subcutaneous bleeding. 2, discomfort: the puncture site may appear pain, swelling, tenderness, subcutaneous ecchymosis visible to the naked eye. 3, dizzy or fainting: in the blood draw, due to emotional overstress, fear, reflex caused by vagus nerve excitement, blood pressure decreased, etc. caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain caused by fainting or dizziness. 4. Risk of infection: If you use an unclean needle, you may be at risk of infection.