protein electrophoresis

Serum proteins are colloidal substances that carry a charge under certain conditions and move in an electric field. In an alkaline environment, serum proteins are negatively charged and move toward the anode in an electric field. Because of the difference in isoelectric point and molecular weight of each protein, the molecular weight is small, the negative charge is the fastest, and the molecular weight is large and the negative charge is low. The swimmers are slower. After electrophoresis, starting from the anode, there are five zones of albumin, a1 globulin, a2 globulin, beta globulin and gamma globulin. Basic Information Specialist classification: Digestive examination classification: liver function test Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Tips: Do not eat too greasy, high-protein foods the day before the blood draw, avoid heavy drinking. After 8 pm on the day before the medical examination, you should fast. Normal value Albumin 0.60 to 0.71 (60% to 71%). The α1 globulin is 0.03 to 0.04 (3% to 4%). The α2 globulin is 0.06 to 0.10 (6% to 10%). The β-globulin is 0.07 to 0.11 (7% to 11%). The gamma globulin is 0.09 to 0.18 (9% to 18%). Clinical significance Increase 1 albumin with albumin, more common in dehydration. 2α1 globulin cirrhosis, liver cancer, nephrotic syndrome, malnutrition. 3α2 globulin biliary cirrhosis, liver abscess, malnutrition. 4β globulin obstructive jaundice, biliary cirrhosis, hyperlipidemia. 5γ globulin chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, acute nephritis, multiple myeloma, connective tissue disease, acute schistosomiasis. cut back 1 albumin with albumin, more common in liver disease, malnutrition, kidney disease. 2α1 globulin is a serious liver disease. 3α2 globulin liver disease. 4β globulin is a serious liver disease. 5 gamma globulin chronic nephritis, nephrotic syndrome. Precautions First, the precautions before blood draw 1, do not eat too greasy, high-protein food the day before the blood, to avoid heavy drinking. The alcohol content in the blood directly affects the test results. 2. After 8 pm on the day before the medical examination, fasting should be done to avoid affecting the test. 3, should relax when taking blood, to avoid the contraction of blood vessels caused by fear, increase the difficulty of blood collection. Second, should pay attention after blood draw 1. After blood is drawn, local compression is required at the pinhole for 3-5 minutes to stop bleeding. Note: Do not rub, so as not to cause subcutaneous hematoma. 2, the pressing time should be sufficient. There is a difference in clotting time for each person, and some people need a little longer to clotting. Therefore, when the surface of the skin appears to be bleeding, the compression is stopped immediately, and the blood may be infiltrated into the skin due to incomplete hemostasis. Therefore, the compression time is longer to completely stop bleeding. If there is a tendency to bleed, the compression time should be extended. 3, after the blood draw symptoms of fainting such as: dizziness, vertigo, fatigue, etc. should immediately lie down, drink a small amount of syrup, and then undergo a physical examination after the symptoms are relieved. 4. If there is localized congestion, use a warm towel after 24 hours to promote absorption. Inspection process Acetate membrane electrophoresis method, cellulose acetate film taken cellulose acetate film, cut into 2cm × 8cm film strip, matt face down, immersed in barbital buffer (pH 8.6), to be completely saturated, remove the clip In the filter paper, after gently absorbing the excess buffer, the film strip was exposed to the matte side, placed on the electrophoresis trough, and immersed in the barbital buffer (pH 8.6) through the filter paper bridge. Spotting and electrophoresis were carried out on the strip 2 cm away from the negative end, stripped with a protein content of about 5% of the test solution of 2 to 3 μl, and electrophoresed at a potential gradient of 10 to 12 V/cm. The distance between the electrophoresis zones is preferably 4 to 5 cm. After the dyeing and electrophoresis is completed, the strip is removed and immersed in the amino black staining solution. After 2 to 3 minutes, the strip is rinsed several times until the background color is removed. Not suitable for the crowd Generally there are no special taboos. Adverse reactions and risks Generally no complications and harm.