blood PSA test

PSA is the English abbreviation for prostate specific antigen. Blood PSA examination is an important indicator for detecting prostate cancer. It is of great significance for the early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Because prostate cancer patients are mostly asymptomatic in the early stage, or show symptoms similar to benign prostatic hyperplasia, they are often not easily found. Therefore, regular prostate examinations have an important role in preventing and detecting prostate diseases. Basic Information Specialist classification: male examination inspection classification: blood examination Applicable gender: whether the male is fasting: fasting Tips: Inappropriate people: Patients who take drugs that affect PSA values ​​and cannot stop taking them. Normal value The amount of PSA in the serum of a normal person is 4 nanograms per milliliter. Clinical significance Abnormal result 1, serum PSA can also be elevated in benign prostatic hyperplasia, in order to improve the specificity of serum PSA, clinically used serum PSA density (PSA to prostate volume ratio: PSAD) and PSA rate (year change rate of serum PSA level: PSAV ), to help identify benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. A PSAV greater than 0.75 ng/ml/year may indicate the presence of prostate cancer and a prostate biopsy should be performed. In addition, because the serum PSA level is directly proportional to the clinical stage and tumor volume of prostate cancer, the PSA doubling time after treatment can help to judge the characteristics and prognosis of prostate cancer. The short PSA doubling time indicates that the prostate cancer has a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis. . 2, serum PSA can also be raised in the following circumstances: prostatitis, urinary retention, severe digital rectal examination, prostate trauma, prostate biopsy. This increase can last for 6 weeks. In addition, continue to take 5a reductase inhibitor (by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone to reduce the content of dihydrotestosterone in the prostate gland, leading to proliferative prostate atrophy to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia) more than 6 months can make serum PSA levels Back down by about 50%. Interference with the above factors should be excluded when judging the clinical significance of serum PSA. If the serum PSA is increased, except for the above reasons, prostate biopsy is necessary. People who need to be examined: middle-aged and old men often have difficulty urinating. Sometimes they feel that urinary tract can not be emptied. Because the bladder can not be emptied, frequent urination occurs, especially the number of nocturia increases, urinating effort, urine output is obviously reduced, and urinary flow is not smooth. Patient. High results may be diseases: prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, elderly prostate cancer precautions Taboo before inspection: 1. PSA will be affected by local irritation or examination. Such as prostatitis, rectal prostate gland, bladder examination, transrectal ultrasound examination, catheter or catheter riding, may temporarily increase the PSA value, if you want to determine the PSA value, it is best to wait for three After five days of blood draw, the PSA value will be more accurate. 2, before the blood test PSA, it is best not to ride for three to five days. 3, need to take blood test after 12 hours on an empty stomach. Requirements for inspection: 1. PSA values ​​are also affected by age factors, and the elderly are generally elevated. 2, you need to fill in the information on the checklist to fill in your own information and name, gender, date of birth, address, contact telephone, etc., in order to know the results of the inspection and prevent the results of different patients from mixing. Inspection process Normal human blood contains a certain amount of PSA, and radioimmunoassay can be used to determine the PSA content in normal human serum is 4 ng per ml. However, the PSA content in serum is affected by various factors of the human body and fluctuates up and down. Generally, the fluctuation range of 0 to 4 nanograms is determined as a normal value. Because the test PSA is a sensitive and simple screening method for prostate cancer, it has been widely used in the physical examination of middle-aged and elderly men. There are often many physical examinations. Because the PSA test results are higher than normal, I am worried that I am suffering from the disease. Prostate cancer. In fact, the increase and decrease of PSA is often affected by many factors, such as acute prostatitis, the serum PSA value will be significantly increased; PSA is also affected by the size of the prostate, such as severe hyperplasia of the prostate, often cause different degrees of PSA Raise. Therefore, when acute prostatitis, severe hyperplasia of the prostate, and various examinations and operations of the prostate have been encountered, it is found that an increase in PSA should be considered as a false increase. At this point, we need to analyze it carefully, identify the authenticity, and review the PSA on an elective basis. We must not be surprised by the illusion, nor can we miss the signal from cancer due to negligence. Not suitable for the crowd A patient who takes medication that affects the PSA value and cannot stop taking it. Adverse reactions and risks 1, subcutaneous hemorrhage: due to pressing time less than 5 minutes or blood draw technology is not enough, etc. can cause subcutaneous bleeding. 2, discomfort: the puncture site may appear pain, swelling, tenderness, subcutaneous ecchymosis visible to the naked eye. 3, dizzy or fainting: in the blood draw, due to emotional overstress, fear, reflex caused by vagus nerve excitement, blood pressure decreased, etc. caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain caused by fainting or dizziness. 4. Risk of infection: If you use an unclean needle, you may be at risk of infection.