karyotype analysis

The karyotype analysis is to analyze the length of the chromosome in the living body, the position of the centromere, the ratio of the arm, the size of the satellite, and so on. The analysis is based on the metaphase chromosome of the somatic cell division. The chromosomes of different species have their own specific morphological structure (including chromosome length, centromere position, arm ratio, satellite size, etc.), and this morphological feature is relatively stable. Basic Information Specialist classification: cardiovascular examination classification: blood examination Applicable gender: whether men and women apply fasting: fasting Analysis results: Below normal: Normal value: no Above normal: negative: The chromosome is normal. Positive: There are chromosomal abnormalities. Tips: In the morning, blood is taken on an empty stomach. Coffee, tea, high-sugar and cola drinks should be fasted. This can only be done after menstruation. Normal value The number of somatic chromosomes in normal people is 46, and the morphology and structure are normal and negative. Clinical significance Abnormal result After karyotyping, the cause of the organism can be judged based on the variation in chromosome structure and number, such as the disease caused by the lack of what kind of gene. People who need to be examined: Patients with suspected chromosomal abnormalities. Positive results may be diseases: congenital ovarian hypoplasia, genetic disease, congenital testicular hypoplasia in children, fragile X chromosome considerations in children Taboo before inspection: 1. Blood is collected on an empty stomach in the morning. Coffee, tea, high sugar and cola beverages should be fasted. 2. This check can only be done after menstruation. 3, blood chromosome detection report time is generally 20 days to 1 month. The report time of prenatal chromosomal examination using amniotic fluid culture was 20 days, and the time of prenatal chromosomal examination using cord blood culture was 10 days. 4, calm state of blood, to avoid emotional excitement. Inspection process Chromosome examination was carried out by using peripheral blood under the action of cell growth stimulating factor-plant lectin (PHA) at 37 ° C for 72 hours to obtain a large number of dividing cells, and then adding colchicine to stop the dividing cells in the middle of division, so that the chromosome Observation; then, through hypotonic expansion of cells, reducing inter-chromosomal intertwining and overlap, and finally immobilized the cells on glass slides with methanol and glacial acetic acid, and observed the structure and number of chromosomes under a microscope. The karyotype of normal males is 44 autosomes plus 2 sex chromosomes X and Y, which are usually expressed in 46, XY. Normal women have the same autosomes as men, and the sex chromosomes are 2 XX, usually indicated by 46, XX. 46 denotes the total number of chromosomes, and more than or less than 46 belong to an abnormal number of chromosomes. The missing sex chromosomes are usually represented by O. Not suitable for the crowd 1. Patients who have taken contraceptives, thyroid hormones, steroid hormones, etc., may affect the results of the examination and prohibit patients who have recently taken the drug history. 2, special diseases: patients with hematopoietic function to reduce disease, such as leukemia, various anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, etc., unless the examination is essential, try to draw less blood. Adverse reactions and risks 1, subcutaneous hemorrhage: due to pressing time less than 5 minutes or blood draw technology is not enough, etc. can cause subcutaneous bleeding. 2, discomfort: the puncture site may appear pain, swelling, tenderness, subcutaneous ecchymosis visible to the naked eye. 3, dizzy or fainting: in the blood draw, due to emotional overstress, fear, reflex caused by vagus nerve excitement, blood pressure decreased, etc. caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain caused by fainting or dizziness. 4. Risk of infection: If you use an unclean needle, you may be at risk of infection.